Porter Insurance Company has three lines of insurance: automobile, property, and life. The life insurance segment has been losing money for the past five quarters, and Leah Harper, Porter's controller, has done an analysis of that segment. She has discovered that the commission paid to the agent for the first year the policy is in place is 55 percent of the first-year premium. The second- year commission is 20 percent, and all succeeding years a commission equal to 5 percent of premiums is paid. No salaries are paid to agents; however, Porter does advertis on television and in magazines. Last year, the advertising expense was $500,000. The loss rate (payout on claims) averages 50 percent. Administrative expenses equal $450,000 per year. Revenue last year was $10,000,000 (premiums). The percentage of policies of various length is as follows: First year in force 65% Second year 25 More than two years in force 10 Experience has shown that if a policy remains in effect for more than two years, it is rarely cancelled. Leah is considering two alternative plans to turn this segment around. Plan 1 requires spending $250,000 on improved customer claim service in hopes that the percentage of policies in effect will take on the following distribution: First year in force 50% Second year 15 More than two years in force 35 Total premiums would remain constant at $10,000,000, and there are no other changes in fixed or variable cost behavior. Plan 2 involves dropping the independent agent and commission system and having potential policyholders phone in requests for coverage. Leah estimates that revenue would drop to $7,000,000. Commissions would be zero, but administrative expenses would rise by $1,200,000, and advertising (including direct mail solicitation) would increase by $1,000,000. Fred Morton has just purchased a life insurance policy from Porter with premiums equal to $1,500 per year. Required: 1. Assume Fred holds the policy for one year and then drops it. What is his contribution to Porter's operating income? 2. Assuming Fred holds the policy for three years, what is his contribution to Porter's operating income in the second and third years? Over a three-year period? 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Total What implications does this hold for Porter's efforts to retain policyholders?