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Pollowing und ex plain why. a.) Electrolysis of water to give gaseaus hudrogen and Oxygen b) Dissoluing of a s mall amount of Sodium nitrate in water (the solution becomes colk

Pollowing und ex plain why. a.) Electrolysis of water to give gaseaus hudrogen and Oxygen b) Dissoluing of a s mall amount of Sodium nitrate in water (the solution becomes colk

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Title: Thermodynamic Sign Predictions for Various Chemical Processes --- **Objective:** Evaluate the expected signs for changes in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) for each of the following processes, with explanations for each prediction. --- **Processes:** 1. **Electrolysis of water to give gaseous hydrogen and oxygen:** - Predict the thermodynamic signs for ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°. - Provide an explanation based on the nature of electrolysis as an endothermic, non-spontaneous process, resulting in increased disorder due to gas formation. 2. **Dissolving a small amount of sodium nitrate in water (the solution becomes cold):** - Predict the signs for ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°. - Explain how the endothermic nature of the process (indicated by the cooling effect) and the increase in disorder affect these thermodynamic values. 3. **Combustion of wood:** - Determine the expected signs for ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°. - Discuss how the exothermic release of energy and increased disorder from gaseous product formation influence these values. --- This exercise helps in understanding the relationship between chemical processes and their thermodynamic properties, which is crucial for predicting the spontaneity and behavior of reactions.
Transcribed Image Text:Title: Thermodynamic Sign Predictions for Various Chemical Processes --- **Objective:** Evaluate the expected signs for changes in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) for each of the following processes, with explanations for each prediction. --- **Processes:** 1. **Electrolysis of water to give gaseous hydrogen and oxygen:** - Predict the thermodynamic signs for ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°. - Provide an explanation based on the nature of electrolysis as an endothermic, non-spontaneous process, resulting in increased disorder due to gas formation. 2. **Dissolving a small amount of sodium nitrate in water (the solution becomes cold):** - Predict the signs for ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°. - Explain how the endothermic nature of the process (indicated by the cooling effect) and the increase in disorder affect these thermodynamic values. 3. **Combustion of wood:** - Determine the expected signs for ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°. - Discuss how the exothermic release of energy and increased disorder from gaseous product formation influence these values. --- This exercise helps in understanding the relationship between chemical processes and their thermodynamic properties, which is crucial for predicting the spontaneity and behavior of reactions.
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