PO4- LOH Incorporation of a deoxynucleotide (DNTP) elongates the chain. A 5- 3'OH subsequent nucleotide can 5' be added to the 3'OH. 3' Incorporation of a dideoxynucleotide (ddNTP); 5- 3'OH 3' the ddNTP lacks a 3'OH. 5' Chain elongation is terminated. No additional nucleotides can be added PO4. HO- 5- 3' 5' due to the lack of a 3'OH. FIGURE 9.11 Chain Termination by a Dideoxynucleotide Once a dideoxynucleotide is incorporated into a growing strand, additional nucleotides cannot be added.

Q: Does Phospodiester bonds hold deoxyribose and phosphate components together in the DNA

A: Ans- true

Q: Why is deleting one nucleotide generally more detrimental than deleting three?

A: Nucleotides are monomeric units of nucleic acids.They are phosphate esters of nucleosides and made…

Q: What is Simple sequence repeat?

A: The genome of every individual contains millions of genetic variation or variants which make each…

Q: Describe three outcomes of base substitutions.

A: DNA( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double-stranded molecule that is the genetic material in most…

Q: structure of its covalent adduct to DNA

A: Chlorambucil is a monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid replaced at the 4th position by a…

Q: how are the polypeptide chains of protiens that are specified by dna assembled

A: Polypeptide chains undergo four levels of folding :  Primary structure: defined by their amino acid…

Q: 5-Bromouridine is known to induce mutations in DNA. One of the characteristics of this compound is…

A: 5-Bromouridine is a uridine subordinate with a Bromo substituent at the fifth carbon. Br -Urd is…

Q: What is the role of NaCl in the DNA isolation procedure?

A: NaCl (Sodium Chloride) is used during various DNA isolation procedures. Usually, in DNA isolation,…

Q: Describe the process by which pyrimidine nucleotides are produced.

A: A Pyrimidines and purines are two types of nitrogenous bases present in nucleotides. Pyrimidines,…

Q: Why are the activated nucleotides in nucleic acid polymerization reactions 5’-triphosphates?

A: According to the question, we have to explain the reason for the activated nucleotides in nucleic…

Q: What are degenerate primers? Name two uses for degenerate primers.

A: Introduction  A primer is a small sequence of nucleic acids that serves as the precursor to DNA…

Q: Of the four DNA bases, why is guanine most likely to be modified after exposure to polycyclic…

A: DNA is made up of four bases-adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. The pKa of adenine and…

Q: Dideoxysequencing relies on which one of the following choices:   A):Random stopping of one of many…

A: Introduction :- Dideoxysequencing is used in sanger sequencing. Sanger sequencing is a DNA…

Q: Why must reoviral replication events occur within thenucleocapsid?

A: Viruses are minute particles that are made up of only their genetic material which may be DNA or RNA…

Q: What is Barchyury protein? What is the structural aspects of DNA binding of Barchyury?

A: In 1927 brachyury mutation was first described in mice by adezhda Alexandrovna…

Q: Why is primer RNA and not DNA?

A: Primer RNA is RNA that initiates DNA synthesis. Primers are required for DNA synthesis because no…

Q: How do I identify which nitrogenous base is which in a DNA and RNA polymer? I am looking at a 2D…

A: A nitrogen base is an organic molecule with a nitrogen atom that has chemical properties of being a…

Q: Why can't there be more than two complementary primers?

A: The two primers used in PCR should not be complementary, or they will anneal to each other and form…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.