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Please synthesize each of the compounds shown below from benzene

Please synthesize each of the compounds shown below from benzene

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Organic Chemistry Synthesis Challenge **Problem Statement:** Please synthesize each of the compounds shown below from benzene. **Compound Diagram:** The diagram depicts a chlorobenzene molecule with a propyl group (a three-carbon chain) attached to the benzene ring. Here's a detailed description of the structure: - **Benzene Ring:** A hexagonal ring with alternating double bonds, typical of benzene. - **Substituents:** - **Chlorine (Cl):** Attached to one carbon atom of the benzene ring. - **Propyl Group (CH₂CH₂CH₃):** Attached to another carbon atom of the benzene ring. In summary, the compound is 1-chloro-4-propylbenzene. ### Educational Overview: Students are tasked with designing a synthetic route to convert benzene into the given compound. This involves understanding and applying various organic chemistry reactions, such as: 1. **Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS):** For introducing the chlorine atom through a halogenation reaction. 2. **Friedel-Crafts Alkylation:** For the propylation of the benzene ring. **Key Steps to Consider:** 1. **Chlorination of Benzene:** - Reagents: Cl₂ and a catalyst such as FeCl₃. - Product: Chlorobenzene. 2. **Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Chlorobenzene:** - Reagents: Propyl chloride (C₃H₇Cl) and AlCl₃ catalyst. - Product: 1-chloro-4-propylbenzene. **Potential Synthesis Pathway:** 1. **Chlorination Step:** - Benzene → Chlorobenzene - Reagents: Cl₂/FeCl₃ 2. **Alkylation Step:** - Chlorobenzene → 1-chloro-4-propylbenzene - Reagents: C₃H₇Cl/AlCl₃ This synthetic strategy highlights the importance of regiochemical control and the selection of appropriate reagents and conditions to achieve the desired substitution pattern on the benzene ring.
Transcribed Image Text:### Organic Chemistry Synthesis Challenge **Problem Statement:** Please synthesize each of the compounds shown below from benzene. **Compound Diagram:** The diagram depicts a chlorobenzene molecule with a propyl group (a three-carbon chain) attached to the benzene ring. Here's a detailed description of the structure: - **Benzene Ring:** A hexagonal ring with alternating double bonds, typical of benzene. - **Substituents:** - **Chlorine (Cl):** Attached to one carbon atom of the benzene ring. - **Propyl Group (CH₂CH₂CH₃):** Attached to another carbon atom of the benzene ring. In summary, the compound is 1-chloro-4-propylbenzene. ### Educational Overview: Students are tasked with designing a synthetic route to convert benzene into the given compound. This involves understanding and applying various organic chemistry reactions, such as: 1. **Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS):** For introducing the chlorine atom through a halogenation reaction. 2. **Friedel-Crafts Alkylation:** For the propylation of the benzene ring. **Key Steps to Consider:** 1. **Chlorination of Benzene:** - Reagents: Cl₂ and a catalyst such as FeCl₃. - Product: Chlorobenzene. 2. **Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Chlorobenzene:** - Reagents: Propyl chloride (C₃H₇Cl) and AlCl₃ catalyst. - Product: 1-chloro-4-propylbenzene. **Potential Synthesis Pathway:** 1. **Chlorination Step:** - Benzene → Chlorobenzene - Reagents: Cl₂/FeCl₃ 2. **Alkylation Step:** - Chlorobenzene → 1-chloro-4-propylbenzene - Reagents: C₃H₇Cl/AlCl₃ This synthetic strategy highlights the importance of regiochemical control and the selection of appropriate reagents and conditions to achieve the desired substitution pattern on the benzene ring.
The image depicts a chemical reaction with its corresponding structural formulas. **Chemical Reaction:** The reaction showcases the conversion of a benzene ring into a substituted benzene ring. **Structures:** 1. **Reactant (Left Side):** - The structure on the left is a benzene ring. Benzene (C6H6) is represented as a hexagon with a circle inside, denoting the delocalized π electrons of the ring. 2. **Product (Right Side):** - The structure on the right side is a benzene ring substituted with a carboxyl group (COOH) and a nitro group (NO2). - The benzene ring remains intact, but there are substitutions in the para position (opposite sides of the ring). - The carboxyl group (COOH) is depicted as a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (OH). - The nitro group (NO2) is depicted as a nitrogen atom double-bonded to one oxygen atom and single-bonded to another oxygen atom, with one oxygen carrying a negative charge (O-) and the nitrogen carrying a positive charge (N+). **Reaction Arrows:** - There is a forward reaction arrow indicating the conversion from the benzene ring to the substituted benzene ring. - Additionally, there's a double-headed arrow (⇄) indicating the dynamic equilibrium between reactants and products. **Note for Educational Context:** This illustration is useful for understanding electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, where functional groups are introduced into an aromatic ring. Such reactions are crucial in organic synthesis and industrial chemistry for producing various compounds with desired functional properties.
Transcribed Image Text:The image depicts a chemical reaction with its corresponding structural formulas. **Chemical Reaction:** The reaction showcases the conversion of a benzene ring into a substituted benzene ring. **Structures:** 1. **Reactant (Left Side):** - The structure on the left is a benzene ring. Benzene (C6H6) is represented as a hexagon with a circle inside, denoting the delocalized π electrons of the ring. 2. **Product (Right Side):** - The structure on the right side is a benzene ring substituted with a carboxyl group (COOH) and a nitro group (NO2). - The benzene ring remains intact, but there are substitutions in the para position (opposite sides of the ring). - The carboxyl group (COOH) is depicted as a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (OH). - The nitro group (NO2) is depicted as a nitrogen atom double-bonded to one oxygen atom and single-bonded to another oxygen atom, with one oxygen carrying a negative charge (O-) and the nitrogen carrying a positive charge (N+). **Reaction Arrows:** - There is a forward reaction arrow indicating the conversion from the benzene ring to the substituted benzene ring. - Additionally, there's a double-headed arrow (⇄) indicating the dynamic equilibrium between reactants and products. **Note for Educational Context:** This illustration is useful for understanding electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, where functional groups are introduced into an aromatic ring. Such reactions are crucial in organic synthesis and industrial chemistry for producing various compounds with desired functional properties.
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