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Please refer to the picture below. Kindly refer your answer in the concept notes on the subsequent picture below.

Please refer to the picture below. Kindly refer your answer in the concept notes on the subsequent picture below.

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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For Each alternative Answer the following 1. What is the difference in cost of the two alternatives? 2. What is the difference in the effectiveness of the two alternatives for the 1000 patients? 3. Calculate an incremental cost effectiveness ratio for erythropoietin?
Transcribed Image Text:For Each alternative Answer the following 1. What is the difference in cost of the two alternatives? 2. What is the difference in the effectiveness of the two alternatives for the 1000 patients? 3. Calculate an incremental cost effectiveness ratio for erythropoietin?
Health Economics A Theoretical Economic Evaluation of Management of Anemia in Hemodialysis patients Patients with chronic renal failure who are on hemodialysis suffer from profound anemia which is often extremely debilitating. This is due to the reduction of erythropoietin and the loss of blood during hemodialysis/ historically these patients have been managed by the use of blood transfusions. Now, synthetic erythropoietin is available. So the alternatives are whether to give erythropoietin or blood transfusion when the hemoglobin level of the patient is below 8g/dl. Effectiveness data for the two alternatives available from the literature suggest that erythropoietin can maintain hemoglobin levels above 8g/dl for 91% of the year, whereas blood transfusions maintain levels for 76% of the year. The effectiveness measure used here is the percentage time spent with a hemoglobin level above 8 g/dl. Assume that the health economic evaluation is taking the perspective of the health care provider. You have 1000 dialysis patients who would be eligible for erythropoietin You have the following cost information for the two alternatives Cost administration of erythropoietin The average does is 200 units /kg subcutaneously per week in three divided doses. Using prefilled syringes, this costs PhP 106.65 per week per patient o Occasionally patients have influenza type reactions, an increase in blood pressure or a hypertensive crisis. The incidence and cost of managing these events are as follows Influenza type Increased BP Hypertensive crisis reaction Incidence (patients 1 per 10 per year) 1 per 10 1 per 500 Cost of 1.00 600.00 management Cost of Blood Transfusion Patients whose anemia is managed by blood transfusion have on average two transfusions per month. Each transfusion is typically two units of blood. Cost of transfusion = cost of blood + cost of administration = PhP 130.00 Occasionally patients have allergic reactions, an increase in blood pressure or iron overload. The incidence and cost of managing these events are as follows Allergic reaction 1 per 100 Increase BP Iron overload Incidence 1 per 10 1 per 100 patients/year Cost of management 400.00 400.00
Transcribed Image Text:Health Economics A Theoretical Economic Evaluation of Management of Anemia in Hemodialysis patients Patients with chronic renal failure who are on hemodialysis suffer from profound anemia which is often extremely debilitating. This is due to the reduction of erythropoietin and the loss of blood during hemodialysis/ historically these patients have been managed by the use of blood transfusions. Now, synthetic erythropoietin is available. So the alternatives are whether to give erythropoietin or blood transfusion when the hemoglobin level of the patient is below 8g/dl. Effectiveness data for the two alternatives available from the literature suggest that erythropoietin can maintain hemoglobin levels above 8g/dl for 91% of the year, whereas blood transfusions maintain levels for 76% of the year. The effectiveness measure used here is the percentage time spent with a hemoglobin level above 8 g/dl. Assume that the health economic evaluation is taking the perspective of the health care provider. You have 1000 dialysis patients who would be eligible for erythropoietin You have the following cost information for the two alternatives Cost administration of erythropoietin The average does is 200 units /kg subcutaneously per week in three divided doses. Using prefilled syringes, this costs PhP 106.65 per week per patient o Occasionally patients have influenza type reactions, an increase in blood pressure or a hypertensive crisis. The incidence and cost of managing these events are as follows Influenza type Increased BP Hypertensive crisis reaction Incidence (patients 1 per 10 per year) 1 per 10 1 per 500 Cost of 1.00 600.00 management Cost of Blood Transfusion Patients whose anemia is managed by blood transfusion have on average two transfusions per month. Each transfusion is typically two units of blood. Cost of transfusion = cost of blood + cost of administration = PhP 130.00 Occasionally patients have allergic reactions, an increase in blood pressure or iron overload. The incidence and cost of managing these events are as follows Allergic reaction 1 per 100 Increase BP Iron overload Incidence 1 per 10 1 per 100 patients/year Cost of management 400.00 400.00
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