Please post answer with an explanation, thank you! 1. The compound carboxymethyl-CoA (shown below) is a competitive inhibitor of citrate synthase and is a proposed transition state analog. Propose a structure for the reaction intermediate derived from acetyl-COA in the rate-limiting step of the reaction, just prior to its reaction with oxaloacetate. но CoA-S-CH,-c Carboxymethyl-CoA (transition state analog)
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![Please post answer with an explanation,
thank you!
1. The compound carboxymethyl-CoA (shown below) is a competitive inhibitor of citrate synthase
and is a proposed transition state analog. Propose a structure for the reaction intermediate
derived from acetyl-COA in the rate-limiting step of the reaction, just prior to its reaction with
oxaloacetate.
HOʻ
CoA-S-CH;-C
Carboxymethyl-CoA
(transition state analog)](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F14742931-a1fd-4827-80c7-7a092519d533%2F3795dc0e-d1d7-403d-b2de-6a36b8810628%2Fvqghtz_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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- 25. The AG" values for the two reactions are given. 1. 2. oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA + H₂O → citrate + COASH oxaloacetate + acetate → citrate Enzymes for reactions 1 and 2 are citrate synthase and citrate lyase, respectively. Determine the AG" for the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA acetyl-CoA + H₂O acetate + COASH + H+ plane een isoimorfbold bns (94) opg Vp1903 9911 AG¹⁰ ? AGO = -32.2 kJ/mol AG"=-1.9 kJ/molConsider docosanoic acid C12H43CO2H a. Label the alpha and beta Carbons. Show the beta-oxidation in an EXPANDED structure. b. Draw each acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl Co A molecules are formed by complete beta-oxidation? d. How many cycles of beta-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid? Show the complete computation. f. How many moles of ATP per gram of fatty acid is formed from the complete catabolism of the given fatty acid? g. What is the molar mass of the given fatty acid? Solution: Show here the complete computations, [from a to e]64 Consider docosanoic acid, C2H43 CO₂H. a. Label the x and ß carbons. b. Draw the acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of ß-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid? Required:
- H. OH co co2 но H co, 1-isopropylmalate 2-isopropylmalate Biosynthesis of leucine involves conversion of 1-isopropyimalate to 2-isopropylmalate (see above). This proceeds in four steps under basic enzymic catalysis via an isolable compound produced in step 2. Write a detailed mechanism for this conversion. Then, draw the intermediate compound) produced in step 2. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Draw uninvolved carboxyl groups in the anionic state, and enolates as carbanions. When needed, abbreviate CoenzymeA-S- as CH3S- In your drawing. aaleDraw the structures of the following coenzyme molecules: 1. CoA-SH/Acetyl-S-CoA 2. NAD*/NADH + H* • For both: Give full name (if you copy the formula from an Internet source, please cite it properly, for example, according to the Chicago Manual of Style. • Indicate what are the chemical groups that are active in these molecules, i.e., what group participates in metabolic reactions (be aware that both molecules may be involved in both anabolic and catabolic processes). • What vitamin or vitamins will, when modified, contribute to the structure of these molecules? • Write a short, general conclusion of the importance of these two coenzymes in metabolism.Incubation of the norsolinic acid synthase holo-ACP with malonyl CoA gave malonyl-S-ACP (molecular weight 10112 Da). (ACP SH holo-ACP Malonyl-SNAC Calculate the molecular weight of holo-ACP. (ACP OH malonyl-S-ACP MW = 10112
- 10. Procaine is known to undergo faster metabolic hydrolysis than procainamide. Give explanation. -NET2 -NEt2 HN H2N- H2N- Procainamide Procaine 11. In phase 2 metabolic transformation chloramphenicol the primary alcohol is converted to a glucuronide conjugate. Draw chemical structure of the product. Provide the name of enzyme that catalyze this metabolic reaction. он ? CHCI2 O2N- но(i) Consider a preparation that contains all the enzymes and cofactors necessary for fatty acid biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. If [2-H] acetyl-CoA labeled with deuterium, the heavy isotope of hydrogen and excess of unlabeled malonyl-CoA are added as substrates, where will you find these labeled deuterium atoms in a molecule of palmitate synthesized? Explain. S-COA (ii) Describe the steps involved in the synthesis of palmitic acid starting from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA.Palmitoleic acid, 16:1Δ⁹ hexadecaenoic acid, (16 carbon FA with one double bond )is an important fatty acid component of TAGs and cell membranes. Briefly explain the process of beta oxidation of this fatty acid and the number (only) of FADH, NADH and acetyl CoA outcome. What is the total ATP (only number) generated from this fatty acid after beta oxidation.
- Arrange the steps of breakdown of oleic acid (pictured below) in the correct order. 1 2 3 4 5 activation by acyl-CoAsynthe ✓ [Choose ] one cycle ofß-oxidationbeginning at the enoyl-CoAhydratasestep three cycles ofẞ-oxidation five cycles ofß-oxidation activation by acyl-CoAsynthetase enoyl-CoAisomeraseactivity enoyl-CoAisomeraseactivity V one cycle ofß-oxidationbegini V five cycles ofß-oxidation OH- Outline the mechanism of the conversion of a-ketoglutarate to succinyl- CoA catalyzed by a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Include all products, coenzymes, and reactions in your discussion.Behenate (C22H44O2) can be obtained by chain elongation from palmitate. How many ATP equivalents are produced in the degradation of behenate to eleven acetyl-CoA?
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