please help me with my hw. Please answer letter b completely. Hoping for you to help me as i am struggling so much. Tysm❤️ TYPES OF SOLIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES Solids can be categorized as crystalline and amorphous. The difference in properties of these two groups of solid arises from the presence or absence of long range order of arrangement of the particles in the solid. Properties Crystalline Solid Amorphous solid Arrangement of particles Arranged in fixed geometric pattern or lattices. Have random orientation of particles Behavior when heated Attractive forces are broken by same amount of energy, thus, becomes liquid at a specific temperature. Softens when gradually heated, they tend to melt over a wide range of temperature. FACTS: More than 90% of naturally occurring and artificially prepared solids are crystalline. The repetition of structural units of substance over long atomic distances is referred to as long-range order. The repeating units of crystalline solids are called lattices. X-ray diffraction is a technique used to determine the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, wherein atoms cause a beams of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions. FOUR TYPES OF CRYSTALS (SOLID) Metallic crystals. Made of atoms that readily lose electrons to form positive ions (cations) but no atom in the crystal would readily gain electrons. The metal atoms gives up their electrons to the whole crystal, creating a structure made up of an orderly arrangement of cations surrounded by delocalized electrons that move around the crystal. The crystal is held together by electrostatic interactions between the cations and delocalized electron. These interactions are called “metallic bonds” and the model is termed as “sea of electrons model”. Ionic crystals. Made of ions (cations and anions) which form strong electrostatic interactions that hold the crystal lattice together. The electrostatic attractions are numerous and extend throughout the crystal since each ion is surrounded by several ions of opposite charge, making ionic crystals hard and of high melting points. Molecular crystals. Made up of atoms, such as noble gases, or molecules such as sugar, iodine and naphthalene. The atoms or molecules are held together by a mix hydrogen bonding/dipole-dipole and dispersion forces, and these are the attractive forces that are broken when crystal melts. Covalent network crystals. Made of atoms in which atom is covalently bonded to its nearest neighbors. The atoms can be made of one type of atom or made ofcan be made of different atoms. There are no individual molecules and the entire crystal mat be considered one very large molecule. The valence electrons of the atoms in the crystal are all used to form covalent bonds because there are no delocalized electrons, covalent network solids do not conduct electricity. Covalent bonds are the only type of attractive bond between atoms in network solid. Type of Solid Form of Unit Particle Forces Between Particle Properties Example Molecular Atoms/molecules London Dispersion Dipole-dipole forces Hydrogen Bonds Argon, Methane Covalent Network Atoms in a network of covalent bonds Covalent Bonds Diamond, quarts Ionic Positive and negative ion Electrostatic Attraction/Ionic Bonds Typical salts, Sodium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Calcium Nitrate Metallic Atoms Metallic Bonds All metallic elments. Activity: B. Choose one type of solid, and analyse explain in two sentences why it has these properties. Example: Metallic crystals have high melting point because a large amount of energy is needed to melt the crystal since the forces of attraction to be broke are numerous and extend throughout the crystal.

please help me with my hw. Please answer letter b completely. Hoping for you to help me as i am struggling so much. Tysm❤️ TYPES OF SOLIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES Solids can be categorized as crystalline and amorphous. The difference in properties of these two groups of solid arises from the presence or absence of long range order of arrangement of the particles in the solid. Properties Crystalline Solid Amorphous solid Arrangement of particles Arranged in fixed geometric pattern or lattices. Have random orientation of particles Behavior when heated Attractive forces are broken by same amount of energy, thus, becomes liquid at a specific temperature. Softens when gradually heated, they tend to melt over a wide range of temperature. FACTS: More than 90% of naturally occurring and artificially prepared solids are crystalline. The repetition of structural units of substance over long atomic distances is referred to as long-range order. The repeating units of crystalline solids are called lattices. X-ray diffraction is a technique used to determine the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, wherein atoms cause a beams of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions. FOUR TYPES OF CRYSTALS (SOLID) Metallic crystals. Made of atoms that readily lose electrons to form positive ions (cations) but no atom in the crystal would readily gain electrons. The metal atoms gives up their electrons to the whole crystal, creating a structure made up of an orderly arrangement of cations surrounded by delocalized electrons that move around the crystal. The crystal is held together by electrostatic interactions between the cations and delocalized electron. These interactions are called “metallic bonds” and the model is termed as “sea of electrons model”. Ionic crystals. Made of ions (cations and anions) which form strong electrostatic interactions that hold the crystal lattice together. The electrostatic attractions are numerous and extend throughout the crystal since each ion is surrounded by several ions of opposite charge, making ionic crystals hard and of high melting points. Molecular crystals. Made up of atoms, such as noble gases, or molecules such as sugar, iodine and naphthalene. The atoms or molecules are held together by a mix hydrogen bonding/dipole-dipole and dispersion forces, and these are the attractive forces that are broken when crystal melts. Covalent network crystals. Made of atoms in which atom is covalently bonded to its nearest neighbors. The atoms can be made of one type of atom or made ofcan be made of different atoms. There are no individual molecules and the entire crystal mat be considered one very large molecule. The valence electrons of the atoms in the crystal are all used to form covalent bonds because there are no delocalized electrons, covalent network solids do not conduct electricity. Covalent bonds are the only type of attractive bond between atoms in network solid. Type of Solid Form of Unit Particle Forces Between Particle Properties Example Molecular Atoms/molecules London Dispersion Dipole-dipole forces Hydrogen Bonds Argon, Methane Covalent Network Atoms in a network of covalent bonds Covalent Bonds Diamond, quarts Ionic Positive and negative ion Electrostatic Attraction/Ionic Bonds Typical salts, Sodium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Calcium Nitrate Metallic Atoms Metallic Bonds All metallic elments. Activity: B. Choose one type of solid, and analyse explain in two sentences why it has these properties. Example: Metallic crystals have high melting point because a large amount of energy is needed to melt the crystal since the forces of attraction to be broke are numerous and extend throughout the crystal.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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please help me with my hw. Please answer letter b completely. Hoping for you to help me as i am struggling so much. Tysm❤️

TYPES OF SOLIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

Solids can be categorized as crystalline and amorphous. The difference in properties of these two groups of solid arises from the presence or absence of long range order of arrangement of the particles in the solid.

Properties	Crystalline Solid	Amorphous solid
Arrangement of particles	Arranged in fixed geometric pattern or lattices.	Have random orientation of particles
Behavior when heated	Attractive forces are broken by same amount of energy, thus, becomes liquid at a specific temperature.	Softens when gradually heated, they tend to melt over a wide range of temperature.

FACTS:

More than 90% of naturally occurring and artificially prepared solids are crystalline.
The repetition of structural units of substance over long atomic distances is referred to as long-range order.
The repeating units of crystalline solids are called lattices.
X-ray diffraction is a technique used to determine the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, wherein atoms cause a beams of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions.

FOUR TYPES OF CRYSTALS (SOLID)

Metallic crystals. Made of atoms that readily lose electrons to form positive ions (cations) but no atom in the crystal would readily gain electrons. The metal atoms gives up their electrons to the whole crystal, creating a structure made up of an orderly arrangement of cations surrounded by delocalized electrons that move around the crystal. The crystal is held together by electrostatic interactions between the cations and delocalized electron. These interactions are called “metallic bonds” and the model is termed as “sea of electrons model”.
Ionic crystals. Made of ions (cations and anions) which form strong electrostatic interactions that hold the crystal lattice together. The electrostatic attractions are numerous and extend throughout the crystal since each ion is surrounded by several ions of opposite charge, making ionic crystals hard and of high melting points.
Molecular crystals. Made up of atoms, such as noble gases, or molecules such as sugar, iodine and naphthalene. The atoms or molecules are held together by a mix hydrogen bonding/dipole-dipole and dispersion forces, and these are the attractive forces that are broken when crystal melts.
Covalent network crystals. Made of atoms in which atom is covalently bonded to its nearest neighbors. The atoms can be made of one type of atom or made ofcan be made of different atoms. There are no individual molecules and the entire crystal mat be considered one very large molecule. The valence electrons of the atoms in the crystal are all used to form covalent bonds because there are no delocalized electrons, covalent network solids do not conduct electricity. Covalent bonds are the only type of attractive bond between atoms in network solid.

Type of Solid	Form of Unit Particle	Forces Between Particle	Properties	Example
Molecular	Atoms/molecules	London Dispersion Dipole-dipole forces Hydrogen Bonds		Argon, Methane
Covalent Network	Atoms in a network of covalent bonds	Covalent Bonds		Diamond, quarts
Ionic	Positive and negative ion	Electrostatic Attraction/Ionic Bonds		Typical salts, Sodium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Calcium Nitrate
Metallic	Atoms	Metallic Bonds		All metallic elments.

Activity:

B. Choose one type of solid, and analyse explain in two sentences why it has these properties. Example: Metallic crystals have high melting point because a large amount of energy is needed to melt the crystal since the forces of attraction to be broke are numerous and extend throughout the crystal.

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