Please explain why saturated fats are solid at room temperature whereas unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature.

Chemistry
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Question 3:**

Please explain why saturated fats are solid at room temperature whereas unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature.

**Explanation:**

Saturated fats have no double bonds between the carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain. This allows them to pack closely together in a regular pattern, resulting in strong intermolecular forces and making them solid at room temperature. 

Unsaturated fatty acids, on the other hand, contain one or more double bonds, introducing kinks in the hydrocarbon chain. These kinks prevent the molecules from packing closely together, resulting in weaker intermolecular forces and causing them to be liquid at room temperature.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question 3:** Please explain why saturated fats are solid at room temperature whereas unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature. **Explanation:** Saturated fats have no double bonds between the carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain. This allows them to pack closely together in a regular pattern, resulting in strong intermolecular forces and making them solid at room temperature. Unsaturated fatty acids, on the other hand, contain one or more double bonds, introducing kinks in the hydrocarbon chain. These kinks prevent the molecules from packing closely together, resulting in weaker intermolecular forces and causing them to be liquid at room temperature.
**Question 4: What are the IUPAC names of the compounds shown below?**

**A)**
```
CH3
 |
CH3—CH—CH2—C—OH
         ||
          O
```
_______________

**B)**
- Structural formula: A linear chain with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to an amine group (NH2).

_______________

**C)**
```
   CH3
    |
CH3—CH2—N—CH3
```
_______________

**D)**
```
   O
   ||
CH3—CH2—C—O—CH2—CH3
```
_______________

**Explanation of Diagrams:**

- **A)** This represents a branched carboxylic acid with three carbon atoms and a methyl group as a substituent on the second carbon.
  
- **B)** This structure illustrates an amide, specifically a linear aliphatic amide compound with an amine group attached to the alpha carbon next to the carbonyl.

- **C)** Shows a secondary amine, with ethyl and methyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom.

- **D)** Depicts an ester with a four-carbon chain on both sides of the ester linkage (COO).
Transcribed Image Text:**Question 4: What are the IUPAC names of the compounds shown below?** **A)** ``` CH3 | CH3—CH—CH2—C—OH || O ``` _______________ **B)** - Structural formula: A linear chain with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to an amine group (NH2). _______________ **C)** ``` CH3 | CH3—CH2—N—CH3 ``` _______________ **D)** ``` O || CH3—CH2—C—O—CH2—CH3 ``` _______________ **Explanation of Diagrams:** - **A)** This represents a branched carboxylic acid with three carbon atoms and a methyl group as a substituent on the second carbon. - **B)** This structure illustrates an amide, specifically a linear aliphatic amide compound with an amine group attached to the alpha carbon next to the carbonyl. - **C)** Shows a secondary amine, with ethyl and methyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom. - **D)** Depicts an ester with a four-carbon chain on both sides of the ester linkage (COO).
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