Please explain in full detail as I am trying to understand this concept! thank you! a. Sketch a diagram including Earth, Sun, and Mars, with attention to scale of distance (Mars is about 1.5 AU from the Sun) showing a faster trajectory from Earth to Mars than the minimal energy trajectory discussed in the lecture. b. Without doing a calculation, how would the arrival velocity of the spacecraft at Mars for the case in (a) compare to the spacecraft arrival in the class example? The lecture example had the spacecraft arriving at Mars with a velocity of 22.49 km/sec. c. The average velocity of Mars in orbit around the Sun is 24.08 km/sec. Comment on the trade-offs between trajectories, arrival velocities and velocity changes (delta V) required to enter an orbit around Mars.

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Special Relativity

The theory of special relativity discusses how space and time are related to objects traveling along a straight line at a constant speed. Simply stated, as an object reaches the speed of light, its mass becomes infinite and it is unable to move faster than light. This interstellar speed limit has been the topic of much debate in astronomy, and also in science fiction when people consider how to fly over large distances.