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Chemistry
Please explain both thoroughly.

Please explain both thoroughly.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Please explain both thoroughly.

**Question 4: Suggest the Synthetic Method of Producing the Compound Below** The image displays a chemical structure of a compound. This compound consists of a benzene ring attached to a propyl group. The compound can be identified as isopropylbenzene, commonly known as cumene. **Detailed Explanation of the Chemical Structure:** - **Aromatic Ring:** The structure contains a hexagonal benzene ring, indicated by alternating single and double bonds. The benzene ring is a six-carbon ring characterized by resonance stability due to these alternating bonds. - **Propyl Group:** Attached to the benzene ring is a three-carbon side chain. This is a branched alkyl group, specifically an isopropyl group, where the central carbon atom is connected to two other carbon atoms and the benzene ring. **Suggested Synthetic Method:** A common method of synthesizing cumene is through the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene. This involves reacting benzene with propylene (propene) in the presence of a strong acid catalyst, such as aluminum chloride (AlCl₃), to facilitate the formation of the isopropyl group on the benzene ring.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question 4: Suggest the Synthetic Method of Producing the Compound Below** The image displays a chemical structure of a compound. This compound consists of a benzene ring attached to a propyl group. The compound can be identified as isopropylbenzene, commonly known as cumene. **Detailed Explanation of the Chemical Structure:** - **Aromatic Ring:** The structure contains a hexagonal benzene ring, indicated by alternating single and double bonds. The benzene ring is a six-carbon ring characterized by resonance stability due to these alternating bonds. - **Propyl Group:** Attached to the benzene ring is a three-carbon side chain. This is a branched alkyl group, specifically an isopropyl group, where the central carbon atom is connected to two other carbon atoms and the benzene ring. **Suggested Synthetic Method:** A common method of synthesizing cumene is through the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene. This involves reacting benzene with propylene (propene) in the presence of a strong acid catalyst, such as aluminum chloride (AlCl₃), to facilitate the formation of the isopropyl group on the benzene ring.
**[5] Write a mechanism for the reaction below.** **Reactants:** - Acetic anhydride (structure shown with two acetyl groups connected by an oxygen atom) - Benzene (hexagonal ring structure with alternating double bonds) **Reagents:** 1. AlBr₃ (Aluminum bromide) 2. H₂O (Water) **Description:** This reaction illustrates an electrophilic aromatic substitution, commonly known as Friedel-Crafts acylation. The mechanism involves the formation of an acylium ion intermediate, which reacts with benzene in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, aluminum bromide. The final step involves hydrolysis to yield an aromatic ketone product.
Transcribed Image Text:**[5] Write a mechanism for the reaction below.** **Reactants:** - Acetic anhydride (structure shown with two acetyl groups connected by an oxygen atom) - Benzene (hexagonal ring structure with alternating double bonds) **Reagents:** 1. AlBr₃ (Aluminum bromide) 2. H₂O (Water) **Description:** This reaction illustrates an electrophilic aromatic substitution, commonly known as Friedel-Crafts acylation. The mechanism involves the formation of an acylium ion intermediate, which reacts with benzene in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, aluminum bromide. The final step involves hydrolysis to yield an aromatic ketone product.
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