Please describe 3 ways animal respiratory systems have evolved in order to maximize the exchange of O2 and CO2 across their membranes

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Please describe 3 ways animal respiratory systems have evolved in order to maximize the exchange of O2 and CO2 across their membranes

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Introduction:

An essential part of the respiratory system are the lungs. 
The pleura is a thin membrane sac that surrounds the lungs, which are soft, elastic, spongy organs. 
Bronchioles are formed when the bronchi of the lungs are further split. 
In order to enhance gas exchange in the lungs, the alveoli, which are tiny, rounded or balloon-like structures at the ends of the bronchioles, increase surface area.

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