Pink-eye and albino are two recessive traits found in the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus. In pink-eyed mice, the eye is devoid of color and appears pink because of the blood vessels within it. Albino mice are completely lacking color, both in their fur and in their eyes. F. H. Clark crossed pink-eyed mice with albino mice; the resulting F had normal coloration in their fur and eyes. He then crossed these F1 mice with mice that were pink eyed and albino and obtained the following progeny. It is hard to distinguish between mice that are albino and mice that are both pink eyed and albino, so he combined these two phenotypes (F. H. Clark. 1936. Journal of Heredity 27:259–260). Number of Phenotype progeny wild-type fur, wild-type eye color wild-type fur, pink-eye 12 62 albino 78 albino, pink-eye Total 152

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Genetic Variation

Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.

Quantitative Genetics

Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.