Problem 2: An early model of the atom, proposed by Rutherford after his discovery of the atomic nucleus, had a positive point charge +Ze (the nu- cleus) at the center of a sphere of radius R with uniformly distributed neg- ative charge -Ze. Z is the atomic number, the number of protons in the nucleus and the number of electrons in the negative sphere. Show that the electric field strength inside this atom is Ein = Ze 1 Απερ r2 - r R³ a) Fig. 2 illustrates the model of the atom. In the figure, draw the Gaussian surface that you will use to find the field. Draw the vectors that represent the electric field at the Gaussian surface. How do you know the direction of the electric field inside the atom? qize R S- FIG. 2: The scheme for Prob- lem 2 b) What is the volume charge density p- of the negative sphere? Use Gauss's law and the symmetry arguments in order to find the expression for the electric field strength inside the atom. What is the electric field strength outside this atom?

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Electric field

A physical field present around an electrically charged particle that exerts a force on all other charged particles is called an electric field. The charged particles present in the field either repel or attract. From electric charges or time-varying magnetic fields, the electric field originates. One of the manifestations of electromagnetic force which is one of the four fundamental forces present in nature are the electric fields and magnetic fields.