Phase changes in carbon dioxide 10,000- 1,000 Solid Pressure, atm 100 10 1- Liquid *Triple point Vapour *Critical point 0.1 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 Temperature, °C 1. At what temperature and pressure is the triple point of CO₂ ?

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3. Air pressure is about 1 atm. Why does dry ice sublimate instead of melting? 

**Phase Changes in Carbon Dioxide**

This phase diagram illustrates the states of carbon dioxide as a function of temperature and pressure. 

- **Axes**: 
  - The x-axis represents temperature in degrees Celsius (°C), ranging from -100 to 60.
  - The y-axis represents pressure in atmospheres (atm), ranging from 0.1 to 10,000 on a logarithmic scale.

- **Regions**:
  - The purple region denotes the solid state of carbon dioxide.
  - The green region indicates the liquid state.
  - The red region represents the vapor state.
  
- **Key Points**:
  - **Triple Point**: The diagram shows a point labeled "Triple point," where the three phases—solid, liquid, and vapor—coexist. It is located at approximately -56°C and 5.1 atm.
  - **Critical Point**: This is marked on the diagram, indicating the endpoint of the liquid-vapor phase boundary. Beyond this point, CO₂ cannot exist as a liquid regardless of the pressure applied. It is located at around 31°C and 72.9 atm.

**Questions:**
1. At what temperature and pressure is the triple point of CO₂?
   - Answer: Approximately -56°C and 5.1 atm.

This diagram is essential for understanding the conditions under which carbon dioxide transitions between solid, liquid, and gaseous states.
Transcribed Image Text:**Phase Changes in Carbon Dioxide** This phase diagram illustrates the states of carbon dioxide as a function of temperature and pressure. - **Axes**: - The x-axis represents temperature in degrees Celsius (°C), ranging from -100 to 60. - The y-axis represents pressure in atmospheres (atm), ranging from 0.1 to 10,000 on a logarithmic scale. - **Regions**: - The purple region denotes the solid state of carbon dioxide. - The green region indicates the liquid state. - The red region represents the vapor state. - **Key Points**: - **Triple Point**: The diagram shows a point labeled "Triple point," where the three phases—solid, liquid, and vapor—coexist. It is located at approximately -56°C and 5.1 atm. - **Critical Point**: This is marked on the diagram, indicating the endpoint of the liquid-vapor phase boundary. Beyond this point, CO₂ cannot exist as a liquid regardless of the pressure applied. It is located at around 31°C and 72.9 atm. **Questions:** 1. At what temperature and pressure is the triple point of CO₂? - Answer: Approximately -56°C and 5.1 atm. This diagram is essential for understanding the conditions under which carbon dioxide transitions between solid, liquid, and gaseous states.
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