Solve all questions.... Pharmaceutical Benefits Managers (PBMs) are intermediaries between upstream drug manufacturers and downstream insurance companies. Theydesign formularies (lists of drugs that insurance will cover) and negotiate prices with drug companies. PBMS want a wider variety of drugs available totheir insured populations, but at low prices. Suppose that a PBM is negotiating with the makers of two nondrowsy allergy drugs, Claritin and Allegra,for inclusion on the formulary. The "value" or "surplus" created by including one nondrowsy allergy drug on the formulary is $80 million, but the valueof adding a second drug is only $24 million.Assume the PBM bargains by telling each drug company that it's going to reach an agreement with the other drug company.Under the non-strategic view of bargaining, the PBM would earn a surplus of $of Smillion.million, while each drug company would earn a surplusNow suppose the two drug companies merge. What is the likely postmerger bargaining outcome?Under the nonstrategic view of bargaining, the PBM would earn a surplus of Ssurplus of $million.million, while the merged drug company would earn a

Under the non-strategic view of bargaining, the PBM would earn a surplus of $80 million. It is…

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Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving Approach

5th Edition

ISBN:9781337106665

Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike Shor

Publisher:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike Shor

Chapter16: Bargaining

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16.6IP

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Pharmaceutical Benefits Managers (PBMs) are intermediaries between upstream drug manufacturers and downstream insurance companies. They design formularies (lists of drugs that insurance will cover) and negotiate prices with drug companies. PBMs want a wider variety of drugs available to their insured populations, but at low prices. Suppose that a PBM is negotiating with the makers of two non-drowsy allergy drugs, Claritin and Allegra, for inclusion on the formulary. The “value” or “surplus” created by including one non-drowsy allergy drug on the formulary is $80 million, but the value of adding a second drug is only $24 million. Assume the PBM bargains by telling each drug company that it's going to reach an agreement with the other drug company. Under the non-strategic view of bargaining, the PBM would earn a surplus of_____million, while each drug company would earn a surplus of ________million. Now suppose the two drug companies merge. What is the likely post merger bargaining…
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Suppose a company has invented and patented a new effective drug to treat hay fever. The marginal cost of producing the drug is: MC = $4 . Without being covered in any insurance plan, the market demand is as follows: Qd = 800 -40P a. Suppose the drug is covered by a public health insurance plan with a co-insurance rate of 25% and everyone is eligible. What is the market demand under this insurance policy? What price should the company charge and what is the equilibrium quantity? a. Suppose now the public health insurer introduces the payment limit of $7.5 per unit of the drug; that is, the co-insurance rate of 25% applies if P less than or equal 10 (P<= 10), but the insurance only pays $7.5 per unit if P is greater than 10 P>10). Derive the new market demand. Under this new market demand, what price should the firm charge? Justify your answer.
Oculus and Maxygen are small drug companies. Oculus has obtained a patent on a new antibiotic that is effective against an emerging superbug—a bacteria that is resistant to traditional antibiotics. Unfortunately, the Oculus drug has severe side effects, making the drug unsuitable except for patients who are desperate. Ownership of this drug is worth $20 million to Oculus under the current situation. Maxygen has a patent on another drug that is of no therapeutic value in itself so the drug generates no current income for Maxygen. However, when combined in a particular way with the Oculus drug, it dramatically reduces the negative side effects. The value of the two drugs together is estimated at $55 million. Maxygen is negotiating to sell its patent to Oculus. Situations of this type are fairly common in the drug business and sales of patent rights are common. However, sometimes negotiations over such sales take a long time and sometimes negotiations are unsuccessful. Why…
Screening and Imperfect Information Asymmetric information refers to a market where one side (either the buyer or the seller, but usually the buyer) has less information than the other side of the market. When there is asymmetric information in a market, markets are inefficient because the side with less information doesn't want to take the risk involved in buying (or selling) the good or service. One method of solving this problem is through screening. Screening is a strategy one uses when they don't have information. A screen can be any indicator that lets the screener know if the good or service is reliable and will meet the screener's wants. • Offer an example of when you used screening to solve a lack of information. What kind of screen did you use? • Was the screen effective? Were you happy with the result?
Pharmed Caplets is an antibiotic product with monthly revenues and Pharmed Caplets is an antibiotic product with monthly revenues and costs of:TR = $900Q – $0.1Q2 ………… TC = $36,000 + $200Q + $0.4Q2MR = ∂TR/∂Q = $900 – $0.2Q ……. MC = ∂TC/∂Q = $200 + $0.8QA. Set up a spreadsheet for output (Q), price (P), total revenue (TR), marginal revenue (MR), total cost (TC), marginal cost (MC), average cost (AC), total profit (π), and marginal profit (Mπ). Establish a range for Q from 0 to 1,000 in increments of 100 (i.e., 0, 100, 200, …, 1,000).B. Using the spreadsheet to, create a graph with MR, MC, and AC as dependent variables and units of output (Q) as the independent variable. At what price/output combination is total profit maximized? Why? At what price/output combination is average cost minimized? Why?C. Determine these profit-maximizing and average-cost minimizing price/output…
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a new vaccine against a disease and are trying to determine the optimal percentage of the population that should be vaccinated. They do not recommend vaccinating the whole population against the smallpox virus because the vaccine has undesirable, and sometimes fatal, side effects. Suppose the following table gives the data about the effects of the vaccine. Percent of population Deaths Due to Deaths due to Marginal Marginal Cost vaccinated Disease vaccine side Benefit of the of the Vaccine effects Vaccine (extra (extra deaths lives saved by due to side vaccine) effects) 0% 200 0 NA NA 10% 180 10 20% 160 25 30% 140 55 40% 120 95 50% 100 140 60% 80 200 a. Calculate the Marginal Benefit (in terms of how many extra lives are saved by the…
Jazmah Industries received a patent on their new ozone generator. The product will sell for $471, and it will clean the air inside a home and eliminate 95% of the pollution particles inside the home. Jazmah's market research shows that there are 111 million homes in North America. The firm believes an aggressive marketing campaign focusing on heavily polluted regions of the country will allow them to get about 30% of this market. Their research shows that about 43% of the houses are in heavily polluted areas. How many houses are in Jazmah's target market? $674, 424,900 $ 6, 744, 249, 000 $4, 242, 275,000 $4, 709, 314, 000 $8, 730, 854, 000
Jan wants to buy a house, but her friend Kan is a much tougher negotiator. They devise a plan where Kan will tell the seller of the house that she is Jan’s agent and will make all the decisions with respect to any purchase of the house. They also agree that Kan actually will have no such authority and that Jan is the only one who will make any decisions relating to purchasing the house. They meet with the seller, and Kan says that she is Jan’s agent while Jan says nothing. Has an agency been created? Discuss in details the pros and cons of this case.

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