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Peptides are a linear (non branched) polymer made from amino acid residues. A protein consists of one or more large peptides and has a specific biological function. In order to best understand how proteins function, you first learned about their building blocks: amino acids. At pH = 7, the predominant forms of amino acids contain a quaternary ammonium group and a carboxylate functional group. ● ● When carboxylate ions are in an aqueous solution, the carboxylate ion (base form) and carboxylic acid (acid form) conjugates are both present because they are in equilibrium. Likewise, when quaternary ammonium compounds are in an aqueous solution, the quaternary ammonium ion (acid form) and amine (base form) conjugates are both present. We can predict whether the acid form or the base form of these functional groups is predominant using the implications of the the Henderson-Hasselbalch relation; we compare the pH of the solution to the pKa of the group. i) What is the pKa range of the carboxyl groups in amino acids? 2 to 5 ii) What is the approximate pK₂ of the quaternary ammonium group in amino acids? ~9.5

Peptides are a linear (non branched) polymer made from amino acid residues. A protein consists of one or more large peptides and has a specific biological function. In order to best understand how proteins function, you first learned about their building blocks: amino acids. At pH = 7, the predominant forms of amino acids contain a quaternary ammonium group and a carboxylate functional group. ● ● When carboxylate ions are in an aqueous solution, the carboxylate ion (base form) and carboxylic acid (acid form) conjugates are both present because they are in equilibrium. Likewise, when quaternary ammonium compounds are in an aqueous solution, the quaternary ammonium ion (acid form) and amine (base form) conjugates are both present. We can predict whether the acid form or the base form of these functional groups is predominant using the implications of the the Henderson-Hasselbalch relation; we compare the pH of the solution to the pKa of the group. i) What is the pKa range of the carboxyl groups in amino acids? 2 to 5 ii) What is the approximate pK₂ of the quaternary ammonium group in amino acids? ~9.5

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Peptides are a linear (non branched) polymer made from amino acid residues. A protein consists of one or more large peptides and has a specific biological function. In order to best understand how proteins function, you first learned about their building blocks: amino acids. At pH = 7, the predominant forms of amino acids contain a quaternary ammonium group and a carboxylate functional group. When carboxylate ions are in an aqueous solution, the carboxylate ion (base form) and carboxylic acid (acid form) conjugates are both present because they are in equilibrium. Likewise, when quaternary ammonium compounds are in an aqueous solution, the quaternary ammonium ion (acid form) and amine (base form) conjugates are both present. We can predict whether the acid form or the base form of these functional groups is predominant using the implications of the the Henderson-Hasselbalch relation; we compare the pH of the solution to the pK, of the group. a i) What is the pKa range of the carboxyl groups in amino acids? 2 to 5 ii) What is the approximate pK of the quaternary ammonium group in amino acids? a ~9.5
Transcribed Image Text:Peptides are a linear (non branched) polymer made from amino acid residues. A protein consists of one or more large peptides and has a specific biological function. In order to best understand how proteins function, you first learned about their building blocks: amino acids. At pH = 7, the predominant forms of amino acids contain a quaternary ammonium group and a carboxylate functional group. When carboxylate ions are in an aqueous solution, the carboxylate ion (base form) and carboxylic acid (acid form) conjugates are both present because they are in equilibrium. Likewise, when quaternary ammonium compounds are in an aqueous solution, the quaternary ammonium ion (acid form) and amine (base form) conjugates are both present. We can predict whether the acid form or the base form of these functional groups is predominant using the implications of the the Henderson-Hasselbalch relation; we compare the pH of the solution to the pK, of the group. a i) What is the pKa range of the carboxyl groups in amino acids? 2 to 5 ii) What is the approximate pK of the quaternary ammonium group in amino acids? a ~9.5
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