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penzene is treated with a penzene. = bonded directly to a ber ffect is electron donation wly than benzene in all su group deactivateso the withdrawing when reso

penzene is treated with a penzene. = bonded directly to a ber ffect is electron donation wly than benzene in all su group deactivateso the withdrawing when reso

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Select the keyword or phrase that will best complete each sentence. Key terms: Toluene reacts faster than benzene in all substitution reactions. Thus, its electron- donating CH, group activates the benzene ring to electrophilic attack. acid activates A resonance effect is electron rich when resonance structures place a negative charge on carbons of the benzene ring. base deactivates Inductive effects stem from the polarizability of the atoms in the substituent and the electronegativity of the substituent groups. donating In a Friedel-Crafts alkylation, benzene is treated with an alkyl halide and a Lewis acid (AICI,) to form an alkyl benzene. donation electronegativity When a neutral O or N atom is bonded directly to a benzene ring, the donating effect dominates and the net effect is electron donationo. inductive polarizability Nitrobenzene reacts more slowly than benzene in all substitution reactions. Thus, its electron-withdrawing NO, group deactivates the benzene ring. poor resonance A resonance effect is electron withdrawing when resonance structures place a positive charge on carbons of the benzene ring. rich withdrawal When a halogen is bonded to a benzene ring, the inductive effect dominates and the net effect is electron withdrawing withdrawing An alkyl group is an electron-donatingo group and an alkyl benzene is more electron richo than benzene.
Transcribed Image Text:Select the keyword or phrase that will best complete each sentence. Key terms: Toluene reacts faster than benzene in all substitution reactions. Thus, its electron- donating CH, group activates the benzene ring to electrophilic attack. acid activates A resonance effect is electron rich when resonance structures place a negative charge on carbons of the benzene ring. base deactivates Inductive effects stem from the polarizability of the atoms in the substituent and the electronegativity of the substituent groups. donating In a Friedel-Crafts alkylation, benzene is treated with an alkyl halide and a Lewis acid (AICI,) to form an alkyl benzene. donation electronegativity When a neutral O or N atom is bonded directly to a benzene ring, the donating effect dominates and the net effect is electron donationo. inductive polarizability Nitrobenzene reacts more slowly than benzene in all substitution reactions. Thus, its electron-withdrawing NO, group deactivates the benzene ring. poor resonance A resonance effect is electron withdrawing when resonance structures place a positive charge on carbons of the benzene ring. rich withdrawal When a halogen is bonded to a benzene ring, the inductive effect dominates and the net effect is electron withdrawing withdrawing An alkyl group is an electron-donatingo group and an alkyl benzene is more electron richo than benzene.
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