Penny Lyman is the owner and operator of Go109, a motivational consulting business. At the end of its accounting period, December 31, 20Y1, Go109 has assets of $578,240 and liabilities of $182,720. Using the accounting equation and consideri each case independently, determine the following amounts. a. Penny Lyman, capital, as of December 31, 20Y1. b. Penny Lyman, capital, as of December 31, 20Y2, assuming that assets increased by $91,360 and liabilities increased by $54,930 during 20Y2. c. Penny Lyman, capital, as of December 31, 20Y2, assuming that assets decreased by $45,680 and liabilities increased by $16,190 during 20Y2. d. Penny Lyman, capital, as of December 31, 20Y2, assuming that assets increased by $76,330 and liabilities decreased by $28,910 during 20Y2. e. Net income (or net loss) during 20Y2, assuming that as of December 31, 20Y2, assets were $728,580, liabilities were $118,540, and there were no additional investments or withdrawals.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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Accounting equation:
Accounting equation is an accounting tool expressed in the form of equation, by creating a relation between resources or assets of a business and claims on the resources by the creditors, and the owners.
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