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- Design a memory map to work with 8085 Microprocessor to have 8K byte ROM and 2K byte RAM. ROM should start from memory location 0000H and RAM immediately follows it. Use exhaustive decoding scheme?Consider a memory implemented for 8086 microprocessor Draw the memory block diagram. Determine the values for A0 , /BHE ,address lines(A1..A19) and data lines(D0.. D15) in order to access: A byte at odd address [01FF3H] A byte at even address [01FFCH] A word at even address [01FFEH] A word at odd address [01ABFH]In a main memory-disk virtual storage system, the page size is 1KByte and the OPTIMAL algorithm is used for page replacements. A given program has been allocated three page frames in the main memory and it makes the following 16 memory references when it starts executing (the addresses are given in decimal):500, 2000, 2500, 800, 4000, 1000, 5500, 1500, 2800, 400, 5000, 700, 2100, 3500, 900, 2400 Fill in the contents of the three page frames after each memory reference in a table and calculate the hit ratio. Hint: denote by 'a' the page consisting of locations 0 through 1023 in memory. Similarly, b: 1024-2047, c: 2048-3071, d: 3072-4095, e: 4096-5119 and f: 5120-6143. Round to three decimal places.
- The memory location at address of 0X003FB01 contains 1-byte memory variable J (0010_0001), and the memory location at the address of 0X003FB02 contains 1-byte memory variable K (0001 0010), see figure below. There is a 2-byte variable M which hold binary information M (1110 0101 0000 1i11). What is the address in hexadecimal format for 2-byte memory variable M, following little Endian computer? 7 Address in Data in Hex. Format Hex. Format 0X003FBF04 1110 0101 M OX003FBF03 0000 1111 0X003FBF02 0001 0010 0X003FBF01 0010 0001 J Its address in hexadecimal is 0X003FBF02. а. Its address in hexadecimal is 0×003FBF03. O b. Its address in hexadecimal is 0X003FBF04. Its address in hexadecimal is 0×003FBF01. d.Two main techniques are used for memory management in modern computers and operating systems, as described in this module's readings: paging and segmentation. Sometimes they are combined in a segmentation with paging scheme. Design a memory management scheme for a 50 bit computer architecture, using paging, segmentation or both, as described in this module's readings. Your post should include a clear translation scheme from a 50 bit logical address to a 50 bit physical address including a picture that shows how this translation takes place. In particular, each field of the logical address must be clearly depicted and its length in bits must be specified. The proposed scheme must be at least somewhat realistic; for this reason, simple paging and simple segmentation schemes are automatically disqualified, due to the impossible requirements imposed on the implementation in this case (50 bits addresses)Suppose that you have a UNIX file system where the disk block size is 4096 bytes. Disk addresses and file block pointers take 32 bits (4 bytes), and the i-node contains 12 direct pointers, one single-indirect pointer and one double-indirect pointer. Assume an index block is the same size as a data block (both 4096 Bytes). If there is a file having 50,000 bytes of data and it is never been accessed, we only assume the file's i-node is in memory, but none of the rest of the file. If the user process wants to access to read the entire file into the memory, how many I/O operations would be needed? O a. 15 O b. 12 O c. 14 O d. 13
- Suppose a malloc implementation returns 8-byte aligned addresses and uses an explicit free list where the next and previous pointers are each 32-bits. Blocks have a 32-bit header and 32-bit footer, where the low-order bit of the header and footer are used to indicate whether the block is allocated (1) or free (0). Furthermore, the block size (which includes the header, payload, footer, and any necessary padding) is rounded up to the nearest multiple of 8, and this size (in bytes) is stored in the header and footer. Assume any padding must be between the payload and the footer.If we call malloc(1), what block size will be allocated, in bytes? With the same conditions as #1, and assuming we've already called malloc(1), if the heap used by malloc starts at address 0x4000 (16384 in decimal), what address would be returned if we then called malloc(32)?Suppose a computer system uses 16-bit addresses for both its virtual and physical addresses. In addition, assume each page (and frame) has size 256 bytes. 8 bits are used for offset, 8 bits are used for page # and the max number of pages a process can have is 256. e. Translate the following virtual addresses to physical addresses, and show how you obtain the answers. (Hint: You do not need to convert hexadecimal numbers to decimal ones.) 0x0389 0xDF78 0x0245 0x8012 f) Now, suppose that the OS uses a two-level page table. Draw the page table. (Assume that frames 7 through 221 are free, so you can allocate space for the page table there.) In addition, suppose that the page-table directory storage comprises a whole number of consecutive full frames. (For examples: if the directory entry is 2 bytes, the entry’s storage comprises 1 frame; if the directory entry is 260 bytes, the entry’s storage comprises 2 consecutive frames.) g)What is the size of the two-level page table…Suppose a malloc implementation returns 8-byte aligned addresses and uses an explicit free list where the next and previous pointers are each 32-bits. Blocks have a 32-bit header and 32-bit footer, where the low-order bit of the header and footer are used to indicate whether the block is allocated (1) or free (0). Furthermore, the block size (which includes the header, payload, footer, and any necessary padding) is rounded up to the nearest multiple of 8, and this size (in bytes) is stored in the header and footer. Assume any padding must be between the payload and the footer. a)If we call malloc(1), what block size will be allocated, in bytes? b)Using the same condition, assuming we've already called malloc(1), if the heap used by malloc starts at address 0x4000 (16384 in decimal), what address would be returned if we then called malloc(32)?
- Suppose that you have a very simple file system (VSFS) using i-node to manage disk data blocks, where the disk block size is 4096 bytes. Disk addresses and file block pointers take 32 bits (4 bytes), and the i-node contains 10 direct pointers, one single-indirect pointer and one double-indirect pointer. Assume an index block is the same size as a data block (both 4096 Bytes). If there is a file having 45,000 bytes of data and it has never been accessed, we only assume the file's i-node is in memory, but none of the rest of the file. If the user process wants to read the entire file into the memory, how many disk blocks (including both data blocks and index block(s)) would be brought into the main memory? O a. 11 O b. 10 O C. 12 O d. 1035 e. 1034Suppose we have a computer system with 44-bit logical addresses, page size of 64KiB, and 4 bytes per page table entry. b. Suppose we use two-level paging and arrange for all page tables to fit into a single page frame. How will the bits of the address be divided up? (show your work) c. Suppose we have a program with a 4GiB address space. Counting the program and all page tables, using the two-level page table scheme from the previous question, how much memory, in number of page frames, is used? (show your work)In a main memory-disk virtual storage system, the page size is 1KByte and the FIFO algorithm is used for page replacements. A given program has been allocated three page frames in the main memory and it makes the following 16 memory references when it starts executing (the addresses are given in decimal):500, 2000, 2500, 800, 4000, 1000, 5500, 1500, 2800, 400, 5000, 700, 2100, 3500, 900, 2400 Fill in the contents of the three page frames after each memory reference in a table and calculate the hit ratio. Hint: denote by 'a' the page consisting of locations 0 through 1023 in memory. Similarly, b: 1024-2047, c: 2048-3071, d: 3072-4095, e: 4096-5119 and f: 5120-6143. Round to three decimal places.