Thermodynamics ### Thermodynamic Processes and P-v Diagram Analysis#### P-v Diagram ExplanationThe P-v (Pressure vs Volume) diagram illustrates the thermodynamic processes a fluid undergoes as it progresses through four state changes: S1, S2, S3, and S4. The diagram plots pressure (P) on the y-axis and volume (v) on the x-axis. Here's a detailed explanation of the chart:- **S1, S2, S3, S4**: These are the different states through which the fluid passes.- **S1-S2, S2-S3, S3-S4**: These represent the processes between different states.- **A1**: Area under the curve in the P-v diagram.- **T1, T2**: Constants or temperatures representing different isotherms (lines of constant temperature).The processes highlighted in the diagram are as follows:1. **Process S1 to S2** involves a horizontal line showing constant pressure expansion or compression.2. **Process S2 to S3** involves an upward curve indicating a change in both pressure and volume.3. **Process S3 to S4** involves a downward line denoting another change in both pressure and volume.#### Associated Questionsa. **Which process(es) is/are isothermal?** - The isothermal process is represented by a horizontal line on a T-v diagram because temperature remains constant. It is seen when the process occurs without a change in internal energy, typically involving heat transfer.b. **Which process(es) is/are isochoric?** - Isochoric processes are represented by a vertical line on a P-v diagram as the volume remains constant. This occurs when the process involves no work being done since volume does not change.c. **What does area A1 represent?** - Area A1 represents the work done during the process S1-S2. In a P-v diagram, the area under the process curve indicates the work done by or on the system during that process.d. **Which process(es) has/have zero work?** - Zero work processes are those where volume remains constant (isochoric), as work in a thermodynamic context is the product of pressure and the change in volume (W = P ΔV). Hence, any isochoric process will have zero work done.Understanding these processes and their representation on a P-v diagram is vital for

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P S*: States S* -S*: Process A*: Area QS3 $1 $2 A1 Fluid goes through four state changes S1, S2, S3 and S4 and three process S1-S2, S2-S3, S3-S4 as shown in the P-v diagram below. Answer the following: a. Which process(es) is/are isothermal? b. Which process(es) is/are isochoric? c. What does area A1 represent? d. Which process(es) has/have zero work ? Edit View Incort Format Tools Table S4

P S: States S -S: Process A: Area QS3 $1 $2 A1 Fluid goes through four state changes S1, S2, S3 and S4 and three process S1-S2, S2-S3, S3-S4 as shown in the P-v diagram below. Answer the following: a. Which process(es) is/are isothermal? b. Which process(es) is/are isochoric? c. What does area A1 represent? d. Which process(es) has/have zero work ? Edit View Incort Format Tools Table S4

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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