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P S*: States S* -S*: Process A*: Area QS3 $1 $2 A1 Fluid goes through four state changes S1, S2, S3 and S4 and three process S1-S2, S2-S3, S3-S4 as shown in the P-v diagram below. Answer the following: a. Which process(es) is/are isothermal? b. Which process(es) is/are isochoric? c. What does area A1 represent? d. Which process(es) has/have zero work ? Edit View Incort Format Tools Table S4

P S*: States S* -S*: Process A*: Area QS3 $1 $2 A1 Fluid goes through four state changes S1, S2, S3 and S4 and three process S1-S2, S2-S3, S3-S4 as shown in the P-v diagram below. Answer the following: a. Which process(es) is/are isothermal? b. Which process(es) is/are isochoric? c. What does area A1 represent? d. Which process(es) has/have zero work ? Edit View Incort Format Tools Table S4

Elements Of Electromagnetics
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
ChapterMA: Math Assessment
Section: Chapter Questions
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Thermodynamics
### Thermodynamic Processes and P-v Diagram Analysis #### P-v Diagram Explanation The P-v (Pressure vs Volume) diagram illustrates the thermodynamic processes a fluid undergoes as it progresses through four state changes: S1, S2, S3, and S4. The diagram plots pressure (P) on the y-axis and volume (v) on the x-axis. Here's a detailed explanation of the chart: - **S1, S2, S3, S4**: These are the different states through which the fluid passes. - **S1-S2, S2-S3, S3-S4**: These represent the processes between different states. - **A1**: Area under the curve in the P-v diagram. - **T1, T2**: Constants or temperatures representing different isotherms (lines of constant temperature). The processes highlighted in the diagram are as follows: 1. **Process S1 to S2** involves a horizontal line showing constant pressure expansion or compression. 2. **Process S2 to S3** involves an upward curve indicating a change in both pressure and volume. 3. **Process S3 to S4** involves a downward line denoting another change in both pressure and volume. #### Associated Questions a. **Which process(es) is/are isothermal?** - The isothermal process is represented by a horizontal line on a T-v diagram because temperature remains constant. It is seen when the process occurs without a change in internal energy, typically involving heat transfer. b. **Which process(es) is/are isochoric?** - Isochoric processes are represented by a vertical line on a P-v diagram as the volume remains constant. This occurs when the process involves no work being done since volume does not change. c. **What does area A1 represent?** - Area A1 represents the work done during the process S1-S2. In a P-v diagram, the area under the process curve indicates the work done by or on the system during that process. d. **Which process(es) has/have zero work?** - Zero work processes are those where volume remains constant (isochoric), as work in a thermodynamic context is the product of pressure and the change in volume (W = P ΔV). Hence, any isochoric process will have zero work done. Understanding these processes and their representation on a P-v diagram is vital for
Transcribed Image Text:### Thermodynamic Processes and P-v Diagram Analysis #### P-v Diagram Explanation The P-v (Pressure vs Volume) diagram illustrates the thermodynamic processes a fluid undergoes as it progresses through four state changes: S1, S2, S3, and S4. The diagram plots pressure (P) on the y-axis and volume (v) on the x-axis. Here's a detailed explanation of the chart: - **S1, S2, S3, S4**: These are the different states through which the fluid passes. - **S1-S2, S2-S3, S3-S4**: These represent the processes between different states. - **A1**: Area under the curve in the P-v diagram. - **T1, T2**: Constants or temperatures representing different isotherms (lines of constant temperature). The processes highlighted in the diagram are as follows: 1. **Process S1 to S2** involves a horizontal line showing constant pressure expansion or compression. 2. **Process S2 to S3** involves an upward curve indicating a change in both pressure and volume. 3. **Process S3 to S4** involves a downward line denoting another change in both pressure and volume. #### Associated Questions a. **Which process(es) is/are isothermal?** - The isothermal process is represented by a horizontal line on a T-v diagram because temperature remains constant. It is seen when the process occurs without a change in internal energy, typically involving heat transfer. b. **Which process(es) is/are isochoric?** - Isochoric processes are represented by a vertical line on a P-v diagram as the volume remains constant. This occurs when the process involves no work being done since volume does not change. c. **What does area A1 represent?** - Area A1 represents the work done during the process S1-S2. In a P-v diagram, the area under the process curve indicates the work done by or on the system during that process. d. **Which process(es) has/have zero work?** - Zero work processes are those where volume remains constant (isochoric), as work in a thermodynamic context is the product of pressure and the change in volume (W = P ΔV). Hence, any isochoric process will have zero work done. Understanding these processes and their representation on a P-v diagram is vital for
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