Outliers (z-scores) Outliers are points that are 'further away" from the other data points or possibly ``further away" from the trend or pattern for the other data. The precise line used for determining what is `further away" is sometimes subject to judgement and can vary depending on context and goals. [NOTE: Not every data set will have outliers.] One means of measuring to determine where the outliers are is use of the Z-score (the number of standard deviations away from the center). If the data is mound-shaped (largest amount concentrated near the middle), then a Z-score of Z> 3.0 OR of Z < - 3.0 would clearly be in the range for outliers. [See empirical rule later.] Suppose a set of data is mound-shaped and has a mean of u = 72 and standard deviation of O = 8.0. { (mu) = 72, (sigma) = 8.0 } For each of the following data points, find the Z-score and classify whether the point should be considered an outlier. a) xi = 93 b) xi = 98 c) xi = 45 d) xi = 52

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QUESTION 12
Outliers (z-scores)
Outliers are points that are `further away" from the other data points or possibly ``further away" from the trend or pattern for the other data.
The precise line used for determining what is ' further away" is sometimes subject to judgement and can vary depending on context and goals.
[NOTE: Not every data set will have outliers.]
One means of measuring to determine where the outliers are is use of the Z-score (the number of standard deviations away from the center).
If the data is mound-shaped (largest amount concentrated near the middle), then a Z-score of
Z> 3.0 OR of Z < - 3.0
would clearly be in the range for outliers. [See empirical rule later.]
Suppose a set of data is mound-shaped and has a mean of
72 and standard deviation of
O
= 8.0.
{ (mu) = 72, (sigma) = 8.0 }
For each of the following data points, find the Z-score and classify whether the point should be considered an outlier.
a) xi = 93
b) xi = 98
c) xi = 45
d) xi = 52
Transcribed Image Text:QUESTION 12 Outliers (z-scores) Outliers are points that are `further away" from the other data points or possibly ``further away" from the trend or pattern for the other data. The precise line used for determining what is ' further away" is sometimes subject to judgement and can vary depending on context and goals. [NOTE: Not every data set will have outliers.] One means of measuring to determine where the outliers are is use of the Z-score (the number of standard deviations away from the center). If the data is mound-shaped (largest amount concentrated near the middle), then a Z-score of Z> 3.0 OR of Z < - 3.0 would clearly be in the range for outliers. [See empirical rule later.] Suppose a set of data is mound-shaped and has a mean of 72 and standard deviation of O = 8.0. { (mu) = 72, (sigma) = 8.0 } For each of the following data points, find the Z-score and classify whether the point should be considered an outlier. a) xi = 93 b) xi = 98 c) xi = 45 d) xi = 52
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