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outgroup A B с F 11 O 2 3 7 9 0 co 1 - DI EI O 1 1 O Species 0 + Mushroom 0 0 0 0 00 A O O O O >> - U O 10 20 m 12 13 17 18 이-10 1 - 0 -。。 - do - 1 2 。a 2 。 0 1 1 - 0 0 BCGTTTACAG GACG CTCG G CGTTTACAGAACG CTCG G CGGTTACAGGAG C C T C G C (b) DNA Position 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 CCGTTACAG GACGCT CTG CGGTTATAAGAGCCTCAG FCGGTTATAGGAGCCTCAG

outgroup A B с F 11 O 2 3 7 9 0 co 1 - DI EI O 1 1 O Species 0 + Mushroom 0 0 0 0 00 A O O O O >> - U O 10 20 m 12 13 17 18 이-10 1 - 0 -。。 - do - 1 2 。a 2 。 0 1 1 - 0 0 BCGTTTACAG GACG CTCG G CGTTTACAGAACG CTCG G CGGTTACAGGAG C C T C G C (b) DNA Position 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 CCGTTACAG GACGCT CTG CGGTTATAAGAGCCTCAG FCGGTTATAGGAGCCTCAG

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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### Phylogenetic Analysis of Mushroom Species #### Outgroup and Character Matrix: A character matrix is presented, showing various DNA positions (1 to 18) for different mushroom species labeled A to F, with an outgroup at the top: - **Outgroup DNA Positions (A):** 1, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, 18 all marked with "O" (outgroup reference). - **Species B to F DNA Positions:** - Positions show occurrence (1) or absence (0) of specific traits based on comparison to the outgroup. #### DNA Sequence Table: The DNA sequences for each mushroom species (A to F) are detailed below, aligned by DNA position from 1 to 18: - **Species A:** CCGTTAAGAGGACGCTCG - **Species B:** CGTTTAACAGGACGCTCG - **Species C:** CGTTTAACAGGAAGCTCG - **Species D:** CGTTTAACAGGACGCTAG - **Species E:** CGTTTATAAGGACCTCAG - **Species F:** CGGTTAAAGAGGACCTAG #### Images of Mushroom Species: 1. **Image (a):** Red-capped mushroom with white spots. 2. **Image (b):** White-topped, elongated mushroom, resembling a shaggy ink cap. 3. **Image (c):** Tall mushroom with a tapered shape, pale in color. 4. **Image (d):** Brown-capped mushroom with a long slender stem. 5. **Image (e):** Classic mushroom shape with a broad, light brown cap and thick stem. 6. **Image (f):** Wide and cracked cap revealing spongy texture beneath. This analysis and visual representation of mushroom species and their DNA positions provide insights into phylogenetic relationships and genetic variations among different types of mushrooms.
Transcribed Image Text:### Phylogenetic Analysis of Mushroom Species #### Outgroup and Character Matrix: A character matrix is presented, showing various DNA positions (1 to 18) for different mushroom species labeled A to F, with an outgroup at the top: - **Outgroup DNA Positions (A):** 1, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, 18 all marked with "O" (outgroup reference). - **Species B to F DNA Positions:** - Positions show occurrence (1) or absence (0) of specific traits based on comparison to the outgroup. #### DNA Sequence Table: The DNA sequences for each mushroom species (A to F) are detailed below, aligned by DNA position from 1 to 18: - **Species A:** CCGTTAAGAGGACGCTCG - **Species B:** CGTTTAACAGGACGCTCG - **Species C:** CGTTTAACAGGAAGCTCG - **Species D:** CGTTTAACAGGACGCTAG - **Species E:** CGTTTATAAGGACCTCAG - **Species F:** CGGTTAAAGAGGACCTAG #### Images of Mushroom Species: 1. **Image (a):** Red-capped mushroom with white spots. 2. **Image (b):** White-topped, elongated mushroom, resembling a shaggy ink cap. 3. **Image (c):** Tall mushroom with a tapered shape, pale in color. 4. **Image (d):** Brown-capped mushroom with a long slender stem. 5. **Image (e):** Classic mushroom shape with a broad, light brown cap and thick stem. 6. **Image (f):** Wide and cracked cap revealing spongy texture beneath. This analysis and visual representation of mushroom species and their DNA positions provide insights into phylogenetic relationships and genetic variations among different types of mushrooms.
### Instructions for Phylogenetic Analysis **Text:** Upload an image of the molecular phylogeny you made in the tree-building program. Your molecular phylogeny must include all the derived characters from your matrix. **Diagram Explanation:** The image contains a phylogenetic tree that represents the evolutionary relationships among six species: Species_E, Species_F, Species_D, Species_B, Species_C, and Species_A. - **Branches:** The tree is composed of branches connecting different species. Each branch point, or node, represents a common ancestor shared by the descending lineages. - **Clades:** - Species_E and Species_F form a clade, which means they share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with the other species. - Species_D connects next, indicating it shares a more recent common ancestor with Species_E and Species_F than with Species_B, Species_C, or Species_A. - Species_B and Species_C form another clade, sharing a common ancestor. - Species_A is the most distantly related in this tree, branching off earlier than the other species. - **Scale Bar:** There is a scale bar at the bottom of the diagram labeled "0.2" which indicates the genetic distance or time estimates. This phylogenetic tree should accurately reflect the genetic relationships outlined in your data matrix.
Transcribed Image Text:### Instructions for Phylogenetic Analysis **Text:** Upload an image of the molecular phylogeny you made in the tree-building program. Your molecular phylogeny must include all the derived characters from your matrix. **Diagram Explanation:** The image contains a phylogenetic tree that represents the evolutionary relationships among six species: Species_E, Species_F, Species_D, Species_B, Species_C, and Species_A. - **Branches:** The tree is composed of branches connecting different species. Each branch point, or node, represents a common ancestor shared by the descending lineages. - **Clades:** - Species_E and Species_F form a clade, which means they share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with the other species. - Species_D connects next, indicating it shares a more recent common ancestor with Species_E and Species_F than with Species_B, Species_C, or Species_A. - Species_B and Species_C form another clade, sharing a common ancestor. - Species_A is the most distantly related in this tree, branching off earlier than the other species. - **Scale Bar:** There is a scale bar at the bottom of the diagram labeled "0.2" which indicates the genetic distance or time estimates. This phylogenetic tree should accurately reflect the genetic relationships outlined in your data matrix.
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