Our Solar System is about 8.3 kpc from the centre of our galaxy. Using Newton's Universal Gravitation Law and Kepler's Third Law, calculate the approximate mass of our Milky Way if we know that the orbital velocity of the Sun around the centre of the galaxy is 225 km/s. (Hint: Use the formula for orbital velocity: v = GM and problem , r Note: G is the Universal Gravitation Constant, G = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 1 kpc kg s2' 3.1 x 1016 m. Also, pay attention to units!!! – i.e. orbital 1000 рс апd 1 рс %3D velocity is in km/s and the universal gravitation constant is in m3 kgsz a) 8.7 x 1035 kg 1kg b) 2.0 x 1041 c) 2.0 x 1030 kg d) 6.0 x 1024 kg
Stellar evolution
We may see thousands of stars in the dark sky. Our universe consists of billions of stars. Stars may appear tiny to us but they are huge balls of gasses. Sun is a star of average size. Some stars are even a thousand times larger than the sun. The stars do not exist forever they have a certain lifetime. The life span of the sun is about 10 billion years. The star undergoes various changes during its lifetime, this process is called stellar evolution. The structure of the sun-like star is shown below.
Red Shift
It is an astronomical phenomenon. In this phenomenon, increase in wavelength with corresponding decrease in photon energy and frequency of radiation of light. It is the displacement of spectrum of any kind of astronomical object to the longer wavelengths (red) side.
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