Open to atmosphere Open to atmosphere Open to atmosphere Meter Meter stick Vacuum stick Meter stick Pg = hpg = Patm + hpg Pg = -hpg Pabs = Patm - hpg Pabs PEANUTS Vacuum Packed (a) Figure 14.12 An open-tube manometer has one side open to the atmosphere. (a) Fluid depth must be the same on both sides, or the pressure each side exerts at the bottom will be unequal and liquid will flow from the deeper side. (b) A positive gauge pressure pg = hpg_transmitted to one side of the manometer can support a column of fluid of height h. (c) Similarly, (b) (c) atmospheric pressure is greater than a negative gauge pressure Pg by an amount hpg . The jar’s rigidity prevents atmospheric pressure from being transmitted to the peanuts.
Fluid Pressure
The term fluid pressure is coined as, the measurement of the force per unit area of a given surface of a closed container. It is a branch of physics that helps to study the properties of fluid under various conditions of force.
Gauge Pressure
Pressure is the physical force acting per unit area on a body; the applied force is perpendicular to the surface of the object per unit area. The air around us at sea level exerts a pressure (atmospheric pressure) of about 14.7 psi but this doesn’t seem to bother anyone as the bodily fluids are constantly pushing outwards with the same force but if one swims down into the ocean a few feet below the surface one can notice the difference, there is increased pressure on the eardrum, this is due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure.
Find the gauge and absolute pressures in the balloon and peanut jar shown in Figure 14.12, assuming the manometer connected to the balloon uses water and the manometer connected to the jar contains mercury. Express in units of centimeters of water for the balloon and millimeters of mercury for the jar, taking h = 0.0500m for each.
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