onsider the problem of hammering a nail into a board. With due reqard for the hand holding the nail, place its pointed tip on the wood and strike it with a hammer. If the wood is hard so the nail does not go in easily, you will notice that the nail gets warm, especially after several strikes. We can figure out how much its temperature will rise by connecting what we know about Newtonian mechanics with what we are learning about temperature and heat. Let the nail have a mass of 50 g and strike it with one strong hammer blow. The hammer head has a mass of 0.5 kg (that's about 1 lb, so this is a good sized carpenter's hammer). Assume the impact velocity of the hammer on the head is 13 m/s and that it stops firmly at each blow. To make a reasonable assumption about the outcome, also assume that 75% of the energy of the hammer is converted into heat after the blow. The specific heat of the steel in the nail is about 482 J kg-1 K-1 . What is the temperature increase in the nail also assuming it does not lose heat rapidly to the wood when when it was hammered? Suppose that 0.5 kg of iron in th
Consider the problem of hammering a nail into a board. With due reqard for the hand holding the nail, place its pointed tip on the wood and strike it with a hammer. If the wood is hard so the nail does not go in easily, you will notice that the nail gets warm, especially after several strikes. We can figure out how much its temperature will rise by connecting what we know about Newtonian mechanics with what we are learning about temperature and heat.
Let the nail have a mass of 50 g and strike it with one strong hammer blow. The hammer head has a mass of 0.5 kg (that's about 1 lb, so this is a good sized carpenter's hammer). Assume the impact velocity of the hammer on the head is 13 m/s and that it stops firmly at each blow.
To make a reasonable assumption about the outcome, also assume that 75% of the energy of the hammer is converted into heat after the blow. The specific heat of the steel in the nail is about 482 J kg-1 K-1 .
What is the temperature increase in the nail also assuming it does not lose heat rapidly to the wood when when it was hammered?
Suppose that 0.5 kg of iron in the hammer were instead in a meteor, with the specific heat of the nail, but hitting Earth's atmosphere at 30 km/s. What temperature would it rise to if it did not melt and vaporize first?
Explain your answers.
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