One way the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tests for chloride contaminants in water is by titrating a sample of silver nitrate solution. Any chloride anions in solution will combine with the silver cations to produce bright white silver chloride precipitate. Suppose an EPA chemist tests a 250. mL sample of groundwater known to be contaminated with cadmium chloride, which would react with silver nitrate solution like this: CdCl,(aq) + 2 AgNO3(aq)- - 2 AgCl(s) + Cd(NO,),(aq) The chemist adds 21.0 mM silver nitrate solution to the sample until silver chloride stops forming. She then washes, dries, and weighs the precipitate. She finds she has collected 6.6 mg of silver chloride. Calculate the concentration of cadmium chloride contaminant in the original groundwater sample. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. mg

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### EPA Testing for Chloride Contaminants in Water

One way the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tests for chloride contaminants in water is by titrating a sample of silver nitrate solution. Any chloride anions in the solution will combine with the silver cations to produce bright white silver chloride precipitate.

#### Example Scenario:
Suppose an EPA chemist tests a 250 mL sample of groundwater known to be contaminated with cadmium chloride. The cadmium chloride reacts with silver nitrate solution as follows:

\[
\text{CdCl}_2(\text{aq}) + 2 \text{AgNO}_3(\text{aq}) \rightarrow 2 \text{AgCl}(\text{s}) + \text{Cd(NO}_3\text{)}_2(\text{aq})
\]

The chemist adds 21.0 mM silver nitrate solution to the sample until silver chloride stops forming. She then washes, dries, and weighs the precipitate. She finds she has collected 6.6 mg of silver chloride.

#### Task:
Calculate the concentration of cadmium chloride contaminant in the original groundwater sample. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.

**Input Fields:**
- A graphical user interface is provided with fields to enter values and calculate, including:
  - A text box labeled "mg/L"
  - A checkbox (with a label or button next to it)
  - Various standard calculation buttons (such as multiplication or reset symbols)

This example can help illustrate the procedures and calculations involved in determining the concentration of contaminants in environmental samples.
Transcribed Image Text:### EPA Testing for Chloride Contaminants in Water One way the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tests for chloride contaminants in water is by titrating a sample of silver nitrate solution. Any chloride anions in the solution will combine with the silver cations to produce bright white silver chloride precipitate. #### Example Scenario: Suppose an EPA chemist tests a 250 mL sample of groundwater known to be contaminated with cadmium chloride. The cadmium chloride reacts with silver nitrate solution as follows: \[ \text{CdCl}_2(\text{aq}) + 2 \text{AgNO}_3(\text{aq}) \rightarrow 2 \text{AgCl}(\text{s}) + \text{Cd(NO}_3\text{)}_2(\text{aq}) \] The chemist adds 21.0 mM silver nitrate solution to the sample until silver chloride stops forming. She then washes, dries, and weighs the precipitate. She finds she has collected 6.6 mg of silver chloride. #### Task: Calculate the concentration of cadmium chloride contaminant in the original groundwater sample. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. **Input Fields:** - A graphical user interface is provided with fields to enter values and calculate, including: - A text box labeled "mg/L" - A checkbox (with a label or button next to it) - Various standard calculation buttons (such as multiplication or reset symbols) This example can help illustrate the procedures and calculations involved in determining the concentration of contaminants in environmental samples.
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