One method for determining the age of ancient objects is by radiocarbon dating. Natural processes convert nitrogen to Carbon-14, a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 5730 years. When they are alive, animals assimilate Carbon-14 through the food chain. When an animal dies, it stops replacing its carbon and the amount of Carbon-14 decays exponentially. (a) Suppose the minimum detectable amount is 0.1% of the initial amount. What is the maximum age of a fossil that we could date using Carbon-14? (b) Suppose we wanted to date a fossil that was potentially 70 million years old. A radioactive isotope with what half-life would be required?

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Q: The decay behavior of a radioactive substance obeys first order kinetics: ln(N/No) = –kt, where N is…

A: first order kinetics,lnNN0=-ktwhere N is amount of radioactive nucle at timehalf life=20 min=1200…

Q: Krypton-81m (81mKr) is a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 13.1 s that is often used in…

A: The correct option is (e) 50.26 s

Q: Fluorine-18 (F-18) is a commonly used radionuclide for PET scans. The half-life of F-18 is 110 min.…

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Q: A sample from human remains found near Stonehenge in England shows that 71.2% of the carbon-14 still…

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Q: The rate of decay of a radioactive material is directly proportional to the amount of the material…

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Q: A radiographic technique calls for 46 kVp and 28 mAs which results in an exposure of 278 µGy. What…

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Q: atomic mass unit = 1.661x10-24 grams Technetium-99 has a half-life of 6 hours. Suppose a lab has 80…

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Q: Consider the following radioactive decay chain of fission products, where nuclide D is stable. A0,…

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Q: When thorium decays by emitting a beta particle, what is the atomic number of the resulting nucleus?

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Q: The efficiency of a  nuclear power plant is 39.9.0%. If 312.66.0 kW of power are produced by the…

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Q: opper-63 has a nucleus mass of 62.92959 u. Its atomic number is 29, and its atomic mass number is…

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Q: A 1-kg sample of a certain radioactive element is left to decay. The mass of that element is reduced…

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A: The given problem is based on radioactive decay and half life.  The given equation is 128

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Q: A radioactive material disintegrate at such a rate that after 3.4 seconds, only 79% of the original…

A: time = 3.4 seconds Let the original amount of substance = Nofinal amount of susbstance = N It is…

Q: Carbon is one of the fundamental elements in everything that's alive on Earth. The three naturally…

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Q: One isotope contains an equal number of protons and neutrons, another isotope of the same element…

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A: The efficiency of a nuclear power plant is 35.4 %

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Q: Uranium-lead (U-Pb) dating of geological samples is one of the oldest and most refined radiometric…

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Q: Tritium, the hydrogen isotope of mass 3, has a half-life of 12.3 y. What fraction of the tritium…

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Q: Plutonium-239 (atomic number 94) is a by-product of nuclear power plants. It decays via alpha and…

A: A) decay constant = 0.693/half life = 0.693/24100 = 0.0000287 yr-1 = 0.693/(24100*365*86400) = 9.12…

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Q: A group of geochemists have been analyzing a sample of radioactive material. After plotting ln(a)…

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Nuclear Fission

Nuclear fission is a type of nuclear reaction in which heavier nuclei split into lighter nuclei by releasing a large quantity of energy. The elements like uranium-235 and plutonium-239 isotope undergo nuclear fission releasing energy. When nuclei undergo fission, some quantity of mass is lost. The lost mass is converted to nuclear energy. Nuclear fission reaction is used in nuclear power plants and atomic bombs. In nuclear power plants, nuclear reactors are used to generate electricity.

Endothermic Nuclear Reaction

A nuclear reaction can be described as a process where two atoms, or two nuclei or nucleus and subatomic particles such as a proton, neutron interact together, and a large amount of energy is produced and new elements are also produced.