On the cladogram below, the letters indicate nodes and characters. What is the most recent common ancestor of taxa 3 and 7? (You can type either an upper-case or lower-case letter. Either is acceptable.) Таxon 1 Тахon 2 B. Таxon 3 Тахon 4 Таxon 5 E Тахon 6 Тахon 7 G Taxon 8 Taxon 9 M Тахon 10 Тахon 11 Taxon 12 Тахon 13 N P.
On the cladogram below, the letters indicate nodes and characters. What is the most recent common ancestor of taxa 3 and 7? (You can type either an upper-case or lower-case letter. Either is acceptable.) Таxon 1 Тахon 2 B. Таxon 3 Тахon 4 Таxon 5 E Тахon 6 Тахon 7 G Taxon 8 Taxon 9 M Тахon 10 Тахon 11 Taxon 12 Тахon 13 N P.
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Transcribed Image Text:On the cladogram below, the letters indicate nodes and characters.
What is the most recent common ancestor of taxa 3 and 7? (You can type either an upper-case or lower-case letter. Either is acceptable.)
### Detailed Explanation of the Cladogram
The cladogram is a branching diagram that represents the evolutionary relationships among different taxa (species or groups). It includes the following elements:
- **Nodes (black dots):** Points where the branches split, representing common ancestors.
- **Branches:** Lines connecting the taxa, indicating evolutionary pathways.
- **Taxa:** The end points labeled "Taxon 1" through "Taxon 13" which represent different species or groups.
- **Characters (letters):** Labeled along the branches, representing traits or characteristics that have evolved.
### Explanation of Nodes and Characters:
- **Node D:** The base node from which all taxa branch off.
- **Node G:** Connects Node D to taxa including Taxon 10 through Taxon 1.
- **Node H:** Links Node G to Taxon 9 and other downstream taxa.
- **Node I:** The most recent common node for Taxon 11, 12, and 13.
- **Node F:** Connects Taxon 10 with Node I.
- **Node M:** Connects Node G to Node F and downstream taxa.
- **Node N:** Links Node H to Node F.
- **Node E:** Links Taxon 6 with Node P.
- **Node P:** Connects Taxon 5 with Node E.
- **Node C:** Connects Taxon 3 to Taxon 4.
- **Node B:** Connects Taxon 1 to Taxon 2.
- **Node A:** Connects Node O to Taxon 1.
- **Node O:** Connects Taxon 1 to Taxon 2.
- **Node Q:** Links Node H to Node E and Taxon 7.
- **Character Labels (e.g., O, B, C):** Represent specific evolutionary traits. For example, Character O is before Node A, which splits into Taxon 1 and 2.
### Answer to the Question:
The most recent common ancestor of taxa 3 and 7 is represented by **Node G**.
Transcribed Image Text:**Cladogram Analysis: Understanding Taxa Relationships**
The image above presents a cladogram, a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms. Nodes (black circles) indicate common ancestors, while the letters represent specific nodes or characteristics. The taxa, labeled from 1 to 13, diverge from these nodes.
**Key Features of the Cladogram:**
- **Nodes and Branches:** Each node represents a hypothetical common ancestor, and the branches indicate evolutionary pathways.
- **Letters A to N:** These signify different nodes or character changes that help in understanding evolutionary splits.
**Objective:**
Identify which pairs of taxa are more likely to belong to the same genus based on their proximity in the cladogram.
**Answer Choices:**
- 6 & 7
- 2 & 3
- 1 & 13
- 10 & 12
- 9 & 10
In assessing these options, examine which taxa share a more recent common ancestor, indicated by their proximity to specific nodes or branches on the cladogram.
This kind of analysis is essential in evolutionary biology for classifying organisms and understanding their evolutionary histories.
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