On January 2, 2020, Mark Company acquired, as a held-to-maturity investment, bonds with a face value of $500,000 for $562,300. The bonds carry a stated interest rate of 12% and an effective yield of 10%. Interest is paid on June 30 and December 31, and the bonds mature on December 31, 2029. Required:   Prepare the journal entries necessary to record the purchase of the bonds and the first two semi-annual interest receipts using the straight-line method of amortization.

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A: Premium on bonds = Issue value - Face value = $430,887 - $400,000 = $30,887

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Capital Gain

Any capital asset when sold can give the seller a higher or lower price from its purchase price leading to a capital gain or capital loss. The time period of holding an asset is decided based on if it is a long term or short-term capital gain. On that basis, the rate of taxation is decided if it is 20%, 15% or according to the tax brackets. The rate of taxation differs in the case of equity or debt, whether long or short term. The capital gain can be adjusted from capital loss to arrive at a net capital gain. The amount of gains and the exemption has to be reported in the tax return filed in the financial year in which the asset was transferred. The tax return can be filed quarterly, monthly, semi-annually or annually.