On January 1, 2016, Flood Company issued 10-year, $100,000 face value, 6% bonds at par (interest payable annually on January 1). Each $1,000 bond is convertible into 30 shares of Flood $2 par value common stock. The company has had 10,000 shares of common stock (and no preferred stock) outstanding throughout its life. None of the bonds have been converted as of the end of 2017. Flood also has adopted a stock-option plan that granted options to key executives to purchase 6,000 shares of the company's common stock. The options were granted on January 2, 2016, and were exercisable 2 years after the date of grant if the grantee was still an employee of the company (the service period is 2 years). The options expired 6 years from the date of grant. The option price was set at $5, and the fair value option-pricing model determines the total compensation expense to be $24,000. All of the options were exercised during the year 2018: 3,000 on January 3 when the market price was $7, and 1,000 on May 1 when the market price was $8 a share. (Ignore all tax effects.)

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Capital Gain

Any capital asset when sold can give the seller a higher or lower price from its purchase price leading to a capital gain or capital loss. The time period of holding an asset is decided based on if it is a long term or short-term capital gain. On that basis, the rate of taxation is decided if it is 20%, 15% or according to the tax brackets. The rate of taxation differs in the case of equity or debt, whether long or short term. The capital gain can be adjusted from capital loss to arrive at a net capital gain. The amount of gains and the exemption has to be reported in the tax return filed in the financial year in which the asset was transferred. The tax return can be filed quarterly, monthly, semi-annually or annually.