Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04) 1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
1 Essential Ideas 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Composition Of Substances And Solutions 4 Stoichiometry Of Chemical Reactions 5 Thermochemistry 6 Electronic Structure And Periodic Properties Of Elements 7 Chemical Bonding And Molecular Geometry 8 Advanced Theories Of Covalent Bonding 9 Gases 10 Liquids And Solids 11 Solutions And Colloids 12 Kinetics 13 Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts 14 Acid-base Equilibria 15 Equilibria Of Other Reaction Classes 16 Thermodynamics 17 Electrochemistry 18 Representative Metals, Metalloids, And Nonmetals 19 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 20 Organic Chemistry 21 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter16: Thermodynamics
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1E: What is a spontaneous reaction? Problem 2E: What is a nonspontaneous reaction? Problem 3E: Indicate whether the following processes are spontaneous or nonspontaneous. (a) Liquid water... Problem 4E: A helium-filled balloon spontaneously deflates overnight as He atoms diffuse through the wall of the... Problem 5E: Many plastic materials are organic polymers that contain carbon and hydrogen. The oxidation of these... Problem 6E: In Figure 16.8 all possible distributions and microstates are shown for four different particles... Problem 7E: In Figure 16.8 all of the possible distributions and microstates are shown for four different... Problem 8E: How does the process described in the previous item relate to the system shown in Figure 16.4? Problem 9E: Consider a system similar to the one in Figure 16.8, except that it contains six particles instead... Problem 10E: Consider the system shown in Figure 16.9. What is the change in entropy for the process where the... Problem 11E: Consider the system shown in Figure 16.9. What is the change in entropy for the process where the... Problem 12E: Arrange the following sets of systems in order of increasing entropy. Assume one mole of each... Problem 13E: At room temperature, the entropy of the halogens increases from I2 to Br2 to Cl2. Explain. Problem 14E: Consider two processes: sublimation of I2(s) and melting of I2(s) (Note: the latter process can... Problem 15E: Indicate which substance in the given pairs has the higher entropy value. Explain your choices.. (a)... Problem 16E: Predict the sign of the entropy change for the following processes.. (a) An ice cube is warmed to... Problem 17E: Predict the sign of the entropy change for the following processes. Give a reason for your... Problem 18E: Write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of methane, CH4(g), to give carbon dioxide... Problem 19E: Write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of benzene, C6H6(l), to give carbon dioxide... Problem 20E: What is the difference between S, S , and S 298 for a Chemical change? Problem 21E: Calculate S298 for the following changes. (a) SnCl4(l)SnCl4(g) (b) CS2(g)CS2(l) (c) Cu(s)Cu(g) (d)... Problem 22E: Determine the entropy change for the combustion of liquid ethanol, C2H5OH, under the standard... Problem 23E: Determine the entropy change for the combustion of gaseous propane, C3H8, under the standard... Problem 24E: Thermite reactions have been used for welding metal parts such as railway rails and in metal... Problem 25E: Using the relevant S 298 values listed in Appendix G, calculate S 298 for the following changes: (a)... Problem 26E: From the following information, determine S298 for the following: N(g)+O(g)NO(g) S298=?... Problem 27E: By calculating Suniv, at each temperature, determine if the melting of 1 mole of NaCl(s) is... Problem 28E: Use the standard entropy data in Appendix G to determine the change in entropy for each of the... Problem 29E: Use the standard entropy data in Appendix G to determine the change in entropy for each of the... Problem 30E: What is the difference between G, G, and G 298 for a chemical Change? Problem 31E: A reaction has H298=100 kj/mol and S298=250 J/mol K. Is the reaction spontaneous at room... Problem 32E: Explain what happens as a reaction starts with G0 (negative) and reaches the point where G=0. Problem 33E: Use the standard free energy of formation data in Appendix G to determine the free energy change for... Problem 34E: Use the standard free energy data in Appendix G to determine the free energy change for each of the... Problem 35E: Given: P4(s)+5O2(g)P4O10(s)G298=2697.0kJ/mol 2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(g)G298=457.18kJ/mol... Problem 36E: Is the formation of ozone (O3(g)) from oxygen (O2(g)) spontaneous at room temperature under standard... Problem 37E: Consider the decomposition of red mercury(II) oxide under standard state conditions..... Problem 38E: Among other things, an ideal fuel for the control thrusters of a space vehicle should decompose in a... Problem 39E: Calculate G for each of the following reactions from the equilibrium constant at the temperature... Problem 40E: Calculate G for each of the following reactions from the equilibrium constant at the temperature... Problem 41E: Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 C for each of the following reactions from the value G ... Problem 42E: Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 C for each of the following reactions from the value G ... Problem 43E: Calculate the equilibrium constant temperature given. (a) O2(g)+2F2(g)2F2O(g)(T=100C) (b)... Problem 44E: Calculate the equilibrium constant temperature given. (a) I2(s)+Cl2(g)2ICl(g)(T=100C) (b)... Problem 45E: Consider the following reaction at 298 K: N2O4(g)2NO2(g)KP=0.142 What is the standard free energy... Problem 46E: Determine the normal boiling point (in kelvin) of dichloroethane, CH2Cl2. Find the actual boiling... Problem 47E: Under what conditions is N2O3(g)NO(g)+NO2(g) spontaneous? Problem 48E: At mom temperature, the equilibrium constant (Kw) for the self-ionization of water is 1.001014.... Problem 49E: Hydrogen sulfide is a pollutant found in natural gas. Following its removal, it is convened to... Problem 50E: Consider the decomposition of CaCO3(s) into CaO(s) and Co2(g). What is the equilibrium partial... Problem 51E: In the laboratory, hydrogen chloride (HCl(g)) and ammonia (NH3(g)) often escape from bottles of... Problem 52E: Benzene can be prepared from acetylene. 3C2H2(g)C6H6(g). Determine the equilibrium constant at 25 C... Problem 53E: Carbon dioxide decomposes into CO and O2 at elevated temperatures. What is the equilibrium partial... Problem 54E: Carbon tetrachloride, an important industrial solvent, is prepared by the chlorination of methane at... Problem 55E: Acetic acid, CH3CO2H, can form a dimer, (CH3CO2H)2, in the gas phase.. 2CH3CO2H(g)(CH3CO2H)2(g) The... Problem 56E: Nitric acid, HNO3, can be prepared by the following sequence of reactions:... Problem 57E: Determine G for the following reactions. (a) Antimony pentachloride decomposes at 448 C. The... Problem 58E: Given that the Gf for Pb2+(aq) and Cl-(aq) is -24.3 kJ/mole and -131.2 kJ/mole respectively,... Problem 59E: Determine the standard free energy change, Gf, for the formation of S2-(aq) given that the Gf for.... Problem 60E: Determine the standard enthalpy change, entropy change, and free energy change for the conversion of... Problem 61E: The evaporation of one mole of water at 298 K has a standard free allergy change of 8.58 kJ.... Problem 62E: In glycolysis, the reaction of glucose (Glu) to form glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) requires ATP to be... Problem 63E: One of the important reactions in the biochemical pathway glycolysis is the reaction of... Problem 64E: Without doing a numerical calculation, determine which of the following will reduce the free energy... Problem 65E: When ammonium chloride is added to water and stirred, it dissolves spontaneously and the resulting... Problem 66E: An important source of copper is from the copper ore, chalcocite, a form of copper(I) sulfide. When... Problem 67E: What happens to G (becomes more negative or more positive) for the following chemical reactions when... Problem 2E: What is a nonspontaneous reaction?
Related questions
Below is the structure of the drug Odevixebat, which is used for treating decreased bile production. In this structure circle and name the functional groups (excluding alkanes )
Transcribed Image Text: OH
HN-S
N.
HN
NH
HO
Odevixibat
Definition Definition Group of atoms that shape the chemical characteristics of a molecule. The behavior of a functional group is uniform in undergoing comparable chemical reactions, regardless of the other constituents of the molecule. Functional groups aid in the classification and anticipation of reactivity of organic molecules.
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