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OH 1) Н.О, КОН CI. OH он 2) H,O, HC1 pcresol chloroacetic acid H3C +HC1 pmethylphenoxyacetic acid

OH 1) Н.О, КОН CI. OH он 2) H,O, HC1 pcresol chloroacetic acid H3C +HC1 pmethylphenoxyacetic acid

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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OH 1) Н-О, КОН OH CI. HO. 2) H2O, HC1 +HC1 chloroacetic acid H3C pcresol pmethylphenoxyacetic acid The methylphenoxyacetic acid family is of interest for several reasons, including the following: 1. The products are easily prepared crystalline solids, which serve as solid derivatives whose melting points can be used to identify the liquid phenol starting materials (o- or m- or p-cresol). 2. Several well-known herbicides are members of this class of compounds, especially 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). These herbicides mimic the effect of the natural plant growth regulators, known as auxins, causing the plant to grow too rapidly. These herbicides are fairly selective toward broadleaf weeds, such as dandelions, velvetleaf and plantain. Agent Orange, a mixture of the butyl esters of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, was used by the U.S. troops as a defoliant during the Vietnam War. We will carry out the reaction shown above to illustrate the Williamson ether synthesis and to identify (if different isomeric cresols were used) by the melting point of the product. To perform this synthesis, do the following: 1. Dissolve 4 g of KOH pellets (cannot use NaOH) in 8 mL of water in a 250-mL round bottom flask (use the flask that contains two ground-glass openings (one for the condenser unit and the other for the Separatory funnel). 2. Add 2 grams of your cresol to the round bottom flask in the hood. 3. Swirl the mixture until a homogeneous solution results. 4. Add 3 boiling stones. 5. Fit the flask with a reflux condenser and heat to a gentle boil. 6. After the mixture has started to boil, add 6 mL of a 50% aqueous solution (g/mL) of chloroacetic acid drop-wise using a Separatory funnel placed in the side-arm of your round-bottom flask. 7. After addition of the chloroacetic acid solution, continue continue refluxing for another 10 minutes. 8. After reflux, transfer the solution to a small beaker while it is still hot (if you let the mixture cool, solid forms inside the flask and it is more difficult to remove). You can overcome this problem by adding about 10 mL of DI water to the reaction mixture, and then pour this slightly diluted mixture into a 100-mL beaker.. 9. After you have poured the (diluted) reaction into the 100-mL beacker, let it cool to room temperature in the beaker. 10. Acidify the solution with drop-wise addition of concentrated 12 M HC1. (Monitor the pH with pH/litmus paper to be certain pH is acidic). 11. It might be beneficial to ensure you do not isolate the potassium salt to heat the acidified mixture with solids until it all dissolves at the higher temperature. Then, simply cool that mixture in an ice bath to attain maximal yield of solid product. Be sure the precipitate has formed completely, perhaps storing on ice for about 15 min before filtering it.
Transcribed Image Text:OH 1) Н-О, КОН OH CI. HO. 2) H2O, HC1 +HC1 chloroacetic acid H3C pcresol pmethylphenoxyacetic acid The methylphenoxyacetic acid family is of interest for several reasons, including the following: 1. The products are easily prepared crystalline solids, which serve as solid derivatives whose melting points can be used to identify the liquid phenol starting materials (o- or m- or p-cresol). 2. Several well-known herbicides are members of this class of compounds, especially 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). These herbicides mimic the effect of the natural plant growth regulators, known as auxins, causing the plant to grow too rapidly. These herbicides are fairly selective toward broadleaf weeds, such as dandelions, velvetleaf and plantain. Agent Orange, a mixture of the butyl esters of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, was used by the U.S. troops as a defoliant during the Vietnam War. We will carry out the reaction shown above to illustrate the Williamson ether synthesis and to identify (if different isomeric cresols were used) by the melting point of the product. To perform this synthesis, do the following: 1. Dissolve 4 g of KOH pellets (cannot use NaOH) in 8 mL of water in a 250-mL round bottom flask (use the flask that contains two ground-glass openings (one for the condenser unit and the other for the Separatory funnel). 2. Add 2 grams of your cresol to the round bottom flask in the hood. 3. Swirl the mixture until a homogeneous solution results. 4. Add 3 boiling stones. 5. Fit the flask with a reflux condenser and heat to a gentle boil. 6. After the mixture has started to boil, add 6 mL of a 50% aqueous solution (g/mL) of chloroacetic acid drop-wise using a Separatory funnel placed in the side-arm of your round-bottom flask. 7. After addition of the chloroacetic acid solution, continue continue refluxing for another 10 minutes. 8. After reflux, transfer the solution to a small beaker while it is still hot (if you let the mixture cool, solid forms inside the flask and it is more difficult to remove). You can overcome this problem by adding about 10 mL of DI water to the reaction mixture, and then pour this slightly diluted mixture into a 100-mL beaker.. 9. After you have poured the (diluted) reaction into the 100-mL beacker, let it cool to room temperature in the beaker. 10. Acidify the solution with drop-wise addition of concentrated 12 M HC1. (Monitor the pH with pH/litmus paper to be certain pH is acidic). 11. It might be beneficial to ensure you do not isolate the potassium salt to heat the acidified mixture with solids until it all dissolves at the higher temperature. Then, simply cool that mixture in an ice bath to attain maximal yield of solid product. Be sure the precipitate has formed completely, perhaps storing on ice for about 15 min before filtering it.
Show the comp. mechanism for this rxn (frim the Tab probcedures)
Transcribed Image Text:Show the comp. mechanism for this rxn (frim the Tab probcedures)
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