Often Cyanobacteria and algae are able to grow where other organism cannot. How is this accomplished?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Often Cyanobacteria and algae are able to grow where other organism cannot. How is this accomplished?

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Cyanobacteria are aquatic and photosynthetic, that is, they live in the water, and can manufacture their own food. Because they are bacteria, they are quite small and usually unicellular, though they often grow in colonies large enough to see. Cyanobacteria can be found in almost every terrestrial and aquatic habitat – oceans, freshwater, damp soil, temporarily moistened rocks in deserts, bare rock.
Cyanobacteria have been found to play an important role in terrestrial habitats. It has been widely reported that cyanobacteria soil crusts help to stabilize soil to prevent erosion and retain water.

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