=O= Question 3 of 28 A Lewis structure with placeholder elements is shown below. If the formal charge of the central atom is +1, choose the possible identity or identities of the central atom. A) F B) O, S, or Se C) B or Al D) N, P, or As E) Cl, Br, or I
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
![### Lewis Structure Identification
**Question 3 of 28:**
**Problem:**
A Lewis structure with placeholder elements is shown below. If the formal charge of the central atom is +1, choose the possible identity or identities of the central atom.
**Provided Lewis Structure Diagram:**
[Diagram of the Lewis structure with three atoms aligned linearly, the central atom forming double bonds with the atoms on both sides.]
**Answer Choices:**
A) F
B) O, S, or Se
C) B or Al
D) N, P, or As
E) Cl, Br, or I
**Visual Explanation:**
The diagram illustrates a central atom (represented by a placeholder) connected to two other atoms via double bonds. The structure suggests a sp hybridization with 180-degree bond angles, a characteristic of linear geometry.
**Formal Charge Calculation:**
In order to determine the correct answer, you need to consider the formal charge formula:
\[ \text{Formal Charge} = \text{Valence Electrons} - \text{Nonbonding Electrons} - \frac{\text{Bonding Electrons}}{2} \]
Using this, you can cross-reference with each provided element to determine which could potentially have a formal charge of +1 when placed in the center of the given structure.
**Answer:**
The correct identity of the central atom based on the formal charge criterion is option **B) O, S, or Se**.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Faf3280c8-8a53-4cd7-b227-b3a58aeda25e%2F0a210f26-7ab5-4d47-8572-917e8c1aba56%2Fy36yhuh_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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