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- Computer Networking Assignment No.6 The IPv4 address is 32 bit, which allows to allocate 232 addresses. IPv4 present two level addressing hierarchy i.e. network number and host number. Each network interface is identified with one or more unique addresses. Two level addressing hierarchy is convenient but wasteful of the address space. If a organization is large or if its computers are geographically dispersed, it makes good sense to divide network into smaller ones, connected together by routers. The benefits for doing things this way include. 1. Reduced network traffic 2. Optimized network performance 3. Simplified network management 4. Facilities spanning large geographical distances. . If Network Information Center (NIC) assign only one network address to an organization which having multiple network, that organization has a problem. A single network address can be used to refer to multiple physical networks. An organization can request individual network address for each one of its…COMPUTER NETWORKS: An application message is segmented into 20 packets, each of which is 4000-byte in size. Caculate the end-to-end delay for the message when the bit rate for any node is 1 Mbps, the optical path total distance is 2000-km, and the queuing and processing delays are 1-ms and 1-ms, respectively. There are 4 intermediate routers in the path, each of which uses the store-and-forward approach. Answer: 786 Please show how they got that answer with stepsComputer Networks True or False: Because OSPF does not support a hierarchy or internal segmentation very large ISPs divide their network into groups and assign them private AS numbers so they can use BGP for internal routing (they still only advertise the one external AS number to the world).
- PROJECT 2 - Data Transfer Efficiency A packet consists of a header and a payload. The header is fixed at 20 bytes. The range of the user data to be transferred over the network is from 64 bytes to 1518 bytes with an increment of 1 byte, i.e., 64, 65, 66, ..., 1518. Plot transfer efficiency vs size of user data (y-axis is efficiency, x-axis is size of user data) on three different plots corresponding to these cases: (a) Maximum packet size = 100 bytes (b) Maximum packet size = 500 bytes (c) Maximum packet size = 2000 bytes Clearly label the axes and the ranges. What can you conclude looking at those three plots? You may use Excel or your favorite programming language to generate the plots. Submit the following on Canvas: The plots AND the answer to the above question in PDF format. • Your code.The term "Routing" refers to the process of selecting a path for network traffic to travel from its source to its destination. Its application involves the use of algorithms and protocols to determine the most efficient and reliable route for data packets to traverse through a network.Explain the concept of encapsulation in network protocols and its role in data transmission.
- Vehicular traffic networks Recall that latency is the time it takes to get from one place to another (measured in seconds, minutes, or hours), and bandwidth is the amount of something that can pass through a point in a given amount of time (measured in cars per minute, bits per second, etc.). Consider this road network with six cities. Single lines represent 1 lane in each direction, and double lines represent 2 lanes in each direction. 6 mi 3 mi 3 mi 9 mi A В 5 mi 5 mi 8 mi E F 1. There are four different routes to get from A to B (without going in circles). What are the four routes? (In graph theory language, you would say there are four distinct paths that go from A to B without cycles.) 2. What is the total length of the shortest route? 3. Assume all the roads have speed limit 30 miles per hour. a. What is the latency of a car traveling from A to B along route ACDB? b. What is the latency of a car traveling from A to B along route AEDB? 4. Assume everyone follows the 2-second rule…Task NW29. UDP is the simplest transport layer communication protocol. It contains a minimum amount of communication mechanisms. It is considered an unreliable protocol, and it is based on best-effort delivery services. UDP provides no acknowledgment mechanism, which means that the receiver does not send the acknowledgment for the received packet, and the sender also does not wait for the acknowledgment for the packet that it has sent. An end system sends 50 packets per second using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) over a full duplex 100 Mbps Ethernet LAN connection. Each packet consists 1500B of Ethernet frame payload data. What is the throughput, when measured at the UDP layer? Task DS30Request to send (RTS) and its threshold are defined.
- Internet Protocol (IP) address is a network layer protocol address for a host in a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TCP/IP network. (a) What is the port size in an IP address and how can determine the class with bits? Explain with example (b) What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6? (c) How many bytes does each class of IP address should be using to represent the network and host IDs?Some application programs can take advantage of the services provided by two transport-layer protocols (UDP or TCP). So, how is it possible for a computer to determine which transport layer is involved when a packet arrives at its destination?Explain the benefits and drawbacks of connectionless protocols as an alternative to connection-based protocols.