Normal Translocation chromosomes chromosomes Philadelphia chromosome 22 Direction bcry of bạr abl abl transcription Abnormal This translocation crossover results in the abnormal expression of a BCR/ABL fusion protein in white blood cells, thereby causing chronic myelogenous leukemia. FIGURE 25.13 The reciprocal translocation commonly found in people with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Genes-Traits In healthy individuals, the abl gene is located on chromosome 9, and the bcr gene is on chromosome 22. In certain forms of myelogenous leukemia, a reciprocal translocation causes the abl gene to fuse with the bcr gene. This combined gene, under the control of the bcr promoter, encodes an abnormal fusion protein that overexpresses the tyrosine kinase function of the ABL protein in white blood cells and leads to leukemia.

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Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics

Inheritance means the passing of traits to offspring from parents. These traits could be passed either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. The offspring receives the genetic material from the parents. Mendelian inheritance is a certain biological inheritance that follows the rules and principles laid down by Gregor Mendel in 1865. The initial hypothesis was considered wrong, but other inheritance theories modified the concept of inheritance and thus genetics.