Nitrogen gas is collected over water in a measuring cylinder, the level of water being the same inside and outside the cylinder. The volume of nitrogen collected was 120 mL, the temperature was read as 21 degrees celcius, Barometric pressure was observed to be 750.1 mm Hg. A.) Calculate the mass of nitrogen if the partial pressure of water at this temperature is 18.7 mmHg. B.) Calculate the volume of dry nitrogen if the conditions were changed to obtained at 298 K and 1 atm.
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
Nitrogen gas is collected over water in a measuring cylinder, the level of water being the same inside and outside the cylinder. The volume of nitrogen collected was 120 mL, the temperature was read as 21 degrees celcius, Barometric pressure was observed to be 750.1 mm Hg.
A.) Calculate the mass of nitrogen if the partial pressure of water at this temperature is 18.7 mmHg.
B.) Calculate the volume of dry nitrogen if the conditions were changed to obtained at 298 K and 1 atm.
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