Nervous input and regulation of the
The digestion is controlled by autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS is divided into parasympathetic and sympathetic. Sympathetic nervous system responds when a person is in stress or fear ,causing increase in heart rate, blood pressure among other physiological changes, whereas parasympathetic is more evident in relaxed state and is responsible for slowing of heart rate, stimulation of digestive system etc.
The enteric nervous system which is part of ANS, controls the gastrointestinal system. It is embedded within lining of gastrointestinal system. Enteric system communicates with CNS through parasympathetic and sympathetic system.
Parasympathetic system is responsible for stimulating digestive system in the form of increasing blood flow to the digestive tract, stimulation of saliva secretion and increases peristalsis. It also regulates secretion of gastric acid in the stomach. Thus,it helps in increasing the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
Sympathetic system stimulation causes inhibition of gastrointestinal motility and secretion and also contraction of gastrointestinal sphincter and blood vessels.
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