Nephrolithotomy, and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy" (1986, Vol. 82, pp. 879-892)] provided the fol success rates in kidney stone removals. Open surgery had a success rate of 78% (273/350) while a newer m nephrolithotomy (PN), had a success rate of 83% (289/350). This newer method looked better, but the resul diameter was considered. For stones with diameters less than two centimeters, 93% (81/87) of cases of ope successful compared with only 83% (234/270) of cases of PN. For stones greater than or equal to two centir were 73% (192/263) and 69% (55/80) for open surgery and PN. respectively. Open surgery is better for both successful in total. In 1951, E. H. Simpson pointed out this apparent contradiction (known as Simpson's Para persists today. Explain how open surgery can be better for both stone sizes but worse in total. Use the editor to format your answer
Nephrolithotomy, and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy" (1986, Vol. 82, pp. 879-892)] provided the fol success rates in kidney stone removals. Open surgery had a success rate of 78% (273/350) while a newer m nephrolithotomy (PN), had a success rate of 83% (289/350). This newer method looked better, but the resul diameter was considered. For stones with diameters less than two centimeters, 93% (81/87) of cases of ope successful compared with only 83% (234/270) of cases of PN. For stones greater than or equal to two centir were 73% (192/263) and 69% (55/80) for open surgery and PN. respectively. Open surgery is better for both successful in total. In 1951, E. H. Simpson pointed out this apparent contradiction (known as Simpson's Para persists today. Explain how open surgery can be better for both stone sizes but worse in total. Use the editor to format your answer
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
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ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
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Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
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PLEASE EXPLAIN HOW OPEN SURGERY CAN BE BETTER FOR BOTH STONE SIZES BUT WORSE IN TOTAL
Transcribed Image Text:Question 9
An article in the British Medical Journal ("Comparison of Treatment of Renal Calculi by Operative Surgery, Percutaneous
Nephrolithotomy, and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy" (1986, Vol. 82. pp. 879-892)) provided the following discussion of
success rates in kidney stone removals. Open surgery had a success rate of 78% (273/350) while a newer method, percutaneous
nephrolithotomy (PN), had a success rate of 83% (289/350). This newer method looked better, but the results changed when stone
diameter was considered. For stones with diameters less than two centimeters, 93% (81/87) of cases of open surgery were
successful compared with only 83% (234/270) of cases of PN. For stones greater than or equal to two centimeters, the success rates
were 73% (192/263) and 69% (55/80) for open surgery and PN, respectively. Open surgery is better for both stone sizes, but less
successful in total. In 1951, E. H. Simpson pointed out this apparent contradiction (known as Simpson's Paradox) but the hazard still
persists today. Explain how open surgery can be better for both stone sizes but worse in total.
Use the editor to format your answer
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