NATIONAL CO.: INCOME STATEMENTS FOR YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS OF PHP) 2021 P3,600.0 P3,000.0 3.060.0 2.550.0 P 540.0 2022 Sales Operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization) E BITDA P 450.0 Deprecation and amortization E arnings before interest and taxes Interest E arnings before taxes Taxes (40%) Net income available to common stockholders 90.0 75.0 P 450.0 P 375.0 65.0 60.0 P 385.0 P 315.0 154.0 126.0 P 231.0 P 189.0 P 13.2 Common dividends P 181.5 NATIONAL CO.: BALANCE SHEETS FOR YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS OF PHP) 2022 2021 Assets: P 36.0 540.0 540.0 P1,116.0 900.0 P2,016.0 P 30.0 450.0 600.0 P1,080.0 750.0 P1.830.0 Cash and marketable securities Accounts receivable Inventories Total current assets Net plant and equipment Total assets Liabilities and equity: P 324.0 201.0 216.0 P 741.0 450.0 P1,191.0 150.0 P 270.0 155.0 180.0 P 605.0 450.0 P1,055.0 150.0 625.0 P 775.0 P1.830.0 Accounts payable Notes payable Accruals Total current lia bilities Long-term bonds Total debt Common stock (50 million shares) Retained earnings Total com mon equity Total liabilities and equity 675.0 P 825.0 P2.016.0

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Present Value

Present value (PV) is defined as the current or present value of all future sums of cash flow or money at a specified rate of return. This rate of return is known as the discounted rate, which is essentially the interest rate, discounted over some time. The expected cash flows are discounted at a discount rate to compute the present value. The higher the discount rate, the higher the future value (FV), but the lower the present value.