Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
For each of the following reactions, predict the major product.
Transcribed Image Text:### Reaction Pathways in Organic Chemistry
The image provided illustrates several reaction pathways in organic chemistry:
1. **First Reaction:**
- **Starting Material:** A benzoyl chloride (aromatic ring with a ketone and chlorine).
- **Reagents:**
- `1. NaBH₄` (sodium borohydride)
- `2. HCl`
- **Product:** The chlorine on the benzoyl chloride is reduced, resulting in a primary alcohol.
2. **Second Reaction:**
- **Starting Materials:**
- An alkene molecule with a bromine substituent.
- A boronic acid derivative (`HO—B`) with an ethyl group.
- **Reagents:**
- `Pd(PPh₃)₄` (tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium)
- `NaOH` (sodium hydroxide)
- **Product:** The Suzuki coupling reaction takes place, forming a new carbon-carbon bond between the alkene and the boronic acid derivative, replacing the bromine.
3. **Third Reaction:**
- **Starting Materials:**
- A cyclopentyl bromide.
- Lithium metal (`Li(s)`).
- **Reagents:**
- `2. PhC(O)Ph` (benzophenone)
- `3. HCl, H₂O`
- **Product:** The Grignard reaction occurs, leading to the formation of a secondary alcohol derived from the cyclopentyl and benzophenone components.
4. **Fourth Reaction:**
- **Starting Material:** A ketone with an ethyl group.
- **Reagents:**
- NaOEt (sodium ethoxide)
- **Product:** An enolate is likely formed through deprotonation.
This diagram demonstrates key synthetic transformations in organic chemistry, including reduction, coupling, and organometallic reactions. Each pathway highlights different mechanisms and reagent roles in product formation.
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