Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
![Welcome to our Educational Resource!
### Organic Chemistry: Structural Formula of a Hydrocarbon
#### Structural Formula of 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
Below is the structural formula of the hydrocarbon known as 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane. This molecule is an example of an alkane, which consists only of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms connected by single bonds.
![Structural Formula]
```
CH3
|
CH3—CH2—CH—CH—CH2
| | |
CH3 CH2 CH3
|
CH3
```
#### Explanation of the Structure:
- The backbone of the molecule consists of five carbon atoms, forming a pentane chain (hence the pentane part of the name).
- Attached to the backbone are three methyl groups (–CH3) located at positions 2, 3, and 4 on the chain, indicating the molecule is trimethyl-substituted.
- The carbon atoms are bonded with hydrogen atoms to complete their valence shells.
This compound is notable in fuel applications due to its high octane number. The detailed structure helps in understanding how different substituent positions affect the properties and reactivity of the molecule.
We hope this clear visual representation aids in your study of organic chemistry!](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff1d2ed3e-5db6-4b34-adcc-843852a358f0%2Ff062d97e-338e-4e54-9429-ceef31ccdd8d%2Fdl83h6_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 2 images
