Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
5. Name the following compounds.
![5. Name the following compounds.
a) [Ni(CO)3Br]Cl
b) [NH4]2[Fe(C204)3]
c) Naz[Ni(acac)2B12]
d) [(CI)4Cr(u-OH)Cr(H2O)4] NO3
Cr are (III)](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F45e6fda6-fc51-4573-a407-00856b1c75a0%2F07c88718-f2b3-49a2-a3ea-6541fcc92e9a%2Fbtvfco_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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a) The compound contains both cation and anion. Always cation is named first in a coordination compound followed by the name of the anion.
Here, the metal nickel is present in the cation and it is bonded to bromine and three carbonyl group.
The name of the ligands are mentioned in alphabetical order.
Bromide is an anionic ligand, its name ends with suffix '-o' instead of '-ide'.
Therefore, the first ligand is bromo.
The three carbonyl groups will have a prefix of 'tri-' to indicate three carbonyl groups attached to the metal. So it is tricarbonyl.
Since the metal is in the cation part, it is named as it is along with its oxidation number in roman numeral. Therefore, it is nickel (II).
The anion of the compound contains chloride that is named as it is in case.
Therefore, the compound is named as bromotricarbonylnickel(II) chloride.
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