Answered: name simple carboxylic acids, esters,…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Question

name simple carboxylic acids, esters, and amides given a structure and write a structure given a name.

Expert Solution

Introduction

Carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing -COOH group. Esters are organic compounds in which -OH is replaced by -OR'(alkoxy) group. Amides are organic compounds containing the -CONH₂ group.

Explanation

Simple carboxylic acids (RCOOH) are named alkane - e + oic acid = alkanoic acid. The alkane is named according to the number of carbon atoms present. e.g., CH₃CH₂COOH: contains three carbon. Therefore, the alkane is propane. Hence, the name of the carboxylic acid is propane - e + oic acid = propanoic acid
Esters (RCOOR') are named alkyl alkanoate, where the parent alkyl chain is the part of the alcohol chain, and the alkyl chain connected to -CO- is named alkane - e + oate. e.g., CH_3-CO-OCH₃ is named as methyl ethanoate.
Amides are named alkanoic acid - oic acid + amide = alkanamide e.g., CH₃-CH₂-CO-NH₂ is named propanoic acid - oic acid + amide = propanamide