Name Scientific Data: Use the data below to answer the scientific question: Parent Population Total # of Sons Proportion with Blue Anal Sons w/ Blue Anal Fins Father Water Total # of Treatment 23 suos SO sul an Wakulla Jeep 1 EE 32 2. clear Blecky's famly helping her out in the field! Wakulla Jeap clear 4. Wakulla periences, is known as phenotypic plasticity. Wakula clear 25 9 Wakula clear 28 1 could tease apart whether genes, plasticity, or color. She did this by collecting male and female g them, and raising their offspring in clear or sponsible for anal fin color in their sons, then xely to leave behind blue sons. fenvironmental then sons raised in brown water wil be blue, neir father. Wakulla clear Wakula 11 Wakulla Wakulla Wakula 2. Wakula brown LE 31 2. Wakulla 003 0.04 h from two populations in the wild -Wakulla d brought them into the lab. These two ks for the experiment. Fish from Wakulla are they are to fish from 26 Mile Bend. In the lab, ah from the same population: females from kula, and females from 26 Mile Bend spawned e offspring hatched from their eggs, half were put ics spring condidons) and half in tanks with brown s). For the brown water treatment, Becky colored d. No-Sugar, No-Lemon' tea. They raised the fish uld determine their sex and the color of the son's number of male offspring, and the number of 1. Wakulla brown 23 9 Wakula brown 42 Wakulla 09 14 1. Wakula brown 26 Mile Bend clear 1. cear -02 26 Mile Bend 21 26 Mile Bend clear 13 1000 26 Mile Bend Jeap clear 91 31 26 Mile Bend 26 Mile Bend 14 15 clear 34 9 26 Mile Bend 91 26 Mile Bend clear a oenojes o suequnu osaa pasn ous Tins in each treatment 17 ciear LE 38 26 Mile Bend 11 0-29 ore: is male anal fin color detemined by genetics, 26 Mile Bend brown 26 Mile Bend 24 2 26 Mile Bend EL 14 hypotheses in the Research Background and posed explanation for an observation, which can or other types of studies. Having two altemative o mechanism may explain a given observation. , both, or neither hypotheses are supported. brown 3. 26 Mile Bend 5. 15 26 Mile Bend brown 26 Mile Bend 25 26 Mile Bend brown Sandad D pe NOOV9 SEN woy ndad zvD p NOOV9 SN a y Anan as ed y de padyanap oay eg

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What evidence can be used to what proves that the males in swamps might be more likely to be blue due to their genes and environment conditions? Explain reasoning.
**Transcription and Explanation for Educational Context**

**Text from the Image:**

- **Independent Variables:** Water treatment and Parent Population
- **Dependent Variable:** Proportion sons w/ blue anal fins

**Data Table:**

| Water Treatment | Parent Population  | Average Proportion Sons w/ Blue Anal Fins | Standard Deviation (SD) | Sample Size (N) | Standard Error (SE) |
|-----------------|-------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------|-----------------|---------------------|
| Clear Water     | 26 Mile Bend      | 0.194                                    | 0.018                  | 8               | 0.006               |
| Clear Water     | Walula            | 0.198                                    | 0.018                  | 9               | 0.006               |
| Brown Water     | 26 Mile Bend      | 0.398                                    | 0.080                  | 8               | 0.032               |
| Brown Water     | Walula            | 0.003                                    | 0.008                  | 9               | 0.003               |

**Explanation:**

- **Standard Deviation (SD):** Indicates the amount of variation or dispersion in the data set. A large SD suggests more variability.
- **Standard Error (SE):** Derived by dividing the standard deviation by the square root of the sample size (N). It indicates the level of accuracy of the sample as an estimate of the population mean. A small SE means we are more confident in our estimate.

**Instructions:**

1. **What to Do:** Make a data table that answers the scientific question.
2. **Scientific Question:** The numbers in columns suggestive sons' likelihood of blue anal fins due to genetics and environmental conditions.

**Graph Description:**

- **Title:** Average Proportions Sons with Blue Anal Fins
- **X-axis:** Proportion (0.00 to 0.30)
- **Y-axis:** Parent Population
- **Bars for Water Treatments:**
  - **26 Mile Bend (Dark Orange):** Higher proportion in brown water condition compared to clear water.
  - **Walula (Light Orange):** Lower proportion in brown water condition compared to clear water.

**Activity 2 Instructions:**
"Interpret the data, conclusion, and future outlooks."

- **Inquiry:** Reflect on any other questions of interest based on the data trends you find intriguing, and consider writing
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription and Explanation for Educational Context** **Text from the Image:** - **Independent Variables:** Water treatment and Parent Population - **Dependent Variable:** Proportion sons w/ blue anal fins **Data Table:** | Water Treatment | Parent Population | Average Proportion Sons w/ Blue Anal Fins | Standard Deviation (SD) | Sample Size (N) | Standard Error (SE) | |-----------------|-------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------|-----------------|---------------------| | Clear Water | 26 Mile Bend | 0.194 | 0.018 | 8 | 0.006 | | Clear Water | Walula | 0.198 | 0.018 | 9 | 0.006 | | Brown Water | 26 Mile Bend | 0.398 | 0.080 | 8 | 0.032 | | Brown Water | Walula | 0.003 | 0.008 | 9 | 0.003 | **Explanation:** - **Standard Deviation (SD):** Indicates the amount of variation or dispersion in the data set. A large SD suggests more variability. - **Standard Error (SE):** Derived by dividing the standard deviation by the square root of the sample size (N). It indicates the level of accuracy of the sample as an estimate of the population mean. A small SE means we are more confident in our estimate. **Instructions:** 1. **What to Do:** Make a data table that answers the scientific question. 2. **Scientific Question:** The numbers in columns suggestive sons' likelihood of blue anal fins due to genetics and environmental conditions. **Graph Description:** - **Title:** Average Proportions Sons with Blue Anal Fins - **X-axis:** Proportion (0.00 to 0.30) - **Y-axis:** Parent Population - **Bars for Water Treatments:** - **26 Mile Bend (Dark Orange):** Higher proportion in brown water condition compared to clear water. - **Walula (Light Orange):** Lower proportion in brown water condition compared to clear water. **Activity 2 Instructions:** "Interpret the data, conclusion, and future outlooks." - **Inquiry:** Reflect on any other questions of interest based on the data trends you find intriguing, and consider writing
**Educational Transcript**

**Title: Understanding the Determinants of Color Pattern in Fish**

**Introduction:**
The research focuses on the study of color variation in fish, specifically examining how environmental factors and genetics influence color patterns. This research is significant in understanding adaptation in aquatic environments.

**Research Background:**
Fish can exhibit a diversity of colors and patterns, which are often influenced by both their genetic makeup and environmental conditions. Bright, vivid colors may enhance attraction during mating or serve as camouflage against predators. 

**Key Research Question:**
What determines the color pattern in fish? Is it primarily influenced by their genetic background or by environmental factors?

**Experimental Method:**
Experiments were conducted in different habitats to observe the variation in color patterns. The researcher took into account various environmental factors such as water clarity, presence of algae, and surrounding vegetation, monitoring how these influenced fish coloration over time.

**Findings:**
1. Fish raised in environments with abundant hiding spots tended to develop more subdued colors.
2. Contrary to initial hypotheses, certain genetically similar fish exhibited varied color patterns when placed in contrasting environments. 

**Figures and Tables:**
- The table summarizes the data collected from the experiment. It includes columns for population, treatment, total number of fish, spot color, and other parameters. Each row represents a specific trial, showing how different conditions affected traits such as spot color.
  
**Significant Observations:**
- The variety of environments produced a range of color patterns even within populations that were genetically similar.
- The findings suggest that phenotypic plasticity plays a vital role, allowing fish to adapt to different surroundings beyond their genetic predispositions.

**Conclusion:**
The study concludes that while genetics play a role in determining color patterns, environmental factors significantly contribute to phenotypic variations. This research has implications for understanding evolution and adaptation in aquatic species.

**Graphical Explanation:**
- One diagram shows fish with different coloration and patterns, illustrating the variation found in the study. Another image depicts the researcher conducting experiments in natural settings, showcasing real-world applications of the research.

**Engagement:**
The research encourages further exploration of how animals adapt to their environments and the delicate balance between genetics and environmental influences in shaping phenotypes.
Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Transcript** **Title: Understanding the Determinants of Color Pattern in Fish** **Introduction:** The research focuses on the study of color variation in fish, specifically examining how environmental factors and genetics influence color patterns. This research is significant in understanding adaptation in aquatic environments. **Research Background:** Fish can exhibit a diversity of colors and patterns, which are often influenced by both their genetic makeup and environmental conditions. Bright, vivid colors may enhance attraction during mating or serve as camouflage against predators. **Key Research Question:** What determines the color pattern in fish? Is it primarily influenced by their genetic background or by environmental factors? **Experimental Method:** Experiments were conducted in different habitats to observe the variation in color patterns. The researcher took into account various environmental factors such as water clarity, presence of algae, and surrounding vegetation, monitoring how these influenced fish coloration over time. **Findings:** 1. Fish raised in environments with abundant hiding spots tended to develop more subdued colors. 2. Contrary to initial hypotheses, certain genetically similar fish exhibited varied color patterns when placed in contrasting environments. **Figures and Tables:** - The table summarizes the data collected from the experiment. It includes columns for population, treatment, total number of fish, spot color, and other parameters. Each row represents a specific trial, showing how different conditions affected traits such as spot color. **Significant Observations:** - The variety of environments produced a range of color patterns even within populations that were genetically similar. - The findings suggest that phenotypic plasticity plays a vital role, allowing fish to adapt to different surroundings beyond their genetic predispositions. **Conclusion:** The study concludes that while genetics play a role in determining color patterns, environmental factors significantly contribute to phenotypic variations. This research has implications for understanding evolution and adaptation in aquatic species. **Graphical Explanation:** - One diagram shows fish with different coloration and patterns, illustrating the variation found in the study. Another image depicts the researcher conducting experiments in natural settings, showcasing real-world applications of the research. **Engagement:** The research encourages further exploration of how animals adapt to their environments and the delicate balance between genetics and environmental influences in shaping phenotypes.
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