Name of the group of microorganisms that completely changed the evolution of life on Earth. - Why can we say that this group contributed to the delimitation of the limits of life? What is their ecological role? - How did these organisms contribute to the evolution of eukaryotic cells and metabolisms? - How did these organisms contribute to the establishment of life in extraterrestrial (out-of-water) environments?
Chemistry of Life
The field in which the chemical properties, structure, location, and biological processes in the body are studied is the chemistry of life. The term chemistry of life incorporates chemistry in the life processes; the study of life processes comes under biology.
Covalent and Ionic Bonds
Atoms of different elements except noble gases do not have a complete octet, so they combine with other atoms to form a chemical bond. When two atoms of the same and different elements mutually share two electrons, one by one, to form a bond between them, the bond is called a covalent bond. On the other hand, an electrovalent or ionic bond is formed when a metal atom transfers one or more electrons to a non-metal atom.
Carbon Bonding
It is basically an association between two C that is formed by sharing a pair of electrons among them. Commonly, this is a single or sigma (σ) bond. Sometimes double or triple or pi (Π) bonds can also be formed. These are formed when orbitals of two C atoms get hybridized.
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Alcohols are hydroxyl (-OH) group or moiety containing organic aliphatic molecule. They are produced when a hydrogen atom of an aliphatic compound is substituted with hydroxyl moiety. The general expression of alcohol is R-OH, where the R is an aliphatic group. Their general formula is CnH2n+2O, where n = number of carbon atoms. If n = 1, then CH4O = CH3OH or methanol, n = 2, C2H6O = C2H5OH ethanol.
Name of the group of microorganisms that completely changed the evolution of life on Earth.
- Why can we say that this group contributed to the delimitation of the limits of life? What is their ecological role?
- How did these organisms contribute to the evolution of eukaryotic cells and
- How did these organisms contribute to the establishment of life in extraterrestrial (out-of-water) environments?
4 billion years ago, Earth's conditions were drastically different from what they are now. There was not enough oxygen in the atmosphere, and the ozone layer was not yet shielding the planet from radiation damage. Volcanic activity, lightning, and heavy rain were frequent occurrences. Yet it was in this harsh environment that the first cells were created. Extremophile archaea continue to flourish in these environments.
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