Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
![Title: Naming Chemical Compounds
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**Instructions:** Name each of the following compounds.
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| **Structural Formula** | **Name** |
|------------------------|-----------|
| ![Cyclobutane Structure] | [ ] |
| ![Pentane Structure] | [ ] |
| ![Cyclohexane Structure] | [ ] |
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**Detailed Descriptions:**
1. **First Compound: Cyclobutane Structure**
- This diagram shows a square shape consisting of four carbon (C) atoms, each bonded to two hydrogen (H) atoms. This forms a closed ring structure known as cyclobutane.
2. **Second Compound: Pentane Structure**
- The structure is represented in a linear form as CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃. It consists of a chain of five carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms filling the remaining valences, indicating a straight-chain alkane known as pentane.
3. **Third Compound: Cyclohexane Structure**
- This diagram depicts a hexagonal shape representing six carbon atoms, each bonded to two hydrogen atoms, forming a closed ring typical of cyclohexane.
*Note: The blank spaces in the name column indicate where users need to fill in the correct names of the compounds.*
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 | |
| CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃ | |
| CH₃-CH₃ | |
**Detailed Explanation:**
1. **First Compound:**
- The structural formula shows a cyclic compound where five CH₂ groups are connected in a ring. This is indicative of a cycloalkane with five carbon atoms, typically named cyclopentane.
2. **Second Compound:**
- The linear structural formula CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃ signifies an alkane with four carbon atoms in a straight chain, known as butane.
3. **Third Compound:**
- The structural formula CH₃-CH₃ represents a simple alkane with two carbon atoms, commonly called ethane.
Each structure demonstrates a different type of hydrocarbon: cyclic, linear, and simple alkane, which are fundamental to understanding organic chemistry.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F1218354a-545e-4883-80e6-d6be3100929c%2Fa7353b5c-4ce3-4e82-85bb-b05d75e789d3%2Fpsh2xv_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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