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Name: Class: Date: Eukaryotic Chromosome Structure: Questions 1. Where is the DNA normally found in the cell? 2. Most of the time, what form does DNA take in the cell? 3. On the chromosome on the right, label the chromatid, chromosome arms, and centromere region. 4. During what phase is DNA replicated and two chromatids form per chromosome? 5. What is the term used for the phase when the cell divides? 6. What is the purpose of the centromere region? 7. Nucleosomes and histones can have "tags" that affect whether the DNA wound around them is "turned on" or "turned off". Look up information on one of those tags and describe how it affects DNA gene expression.

Name: Class: Date: Eukaryotic Chromosome Structure: Questions 1. Where is the DNA normally found in the cell? 2. Most of the time, what form does DNA take in the cell? 3. On the chromosome on the right, label the chromatid, chromosome arms, and centromere region. 4. During what phase is DNA replicated and two chromatids form per chromosome? 5. What is the term used for the phase when the cell divides? 6. What is the purpose of the centromere region? 7. Nucleosomes and histones can have "tags" that affect whether the DNA wound around them is "turned on" or "turned off". Look up information on one of those tags and describe how it affects DNA gene expression.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Name: Class: Date: Eukaryotic Chromosome Structure: Questions 1. Where is the DNA normally found in the cell? 2. Most of the time, what form does DNA take in the cell? 3. On the chromosome on the right, label the chromatid, chromosome arms, and centromere region. 4. During what phase is DNA replicated and two chromatids form per chromosome? 5. What is the term used for the phase when the cell divides? 6. What is the purpose of the centromere region? 7. Nucleosomes and histones can have "tags" that affect whether the DNA wound around them is “turned on" or "turned off". Look up information on one of those tags and describe how it affects DNA gene expression. OBethany Lau 2016
Transcribed Image Text:Name: Class: Date: Eukaryotic Chromosome Structure: Questions 1. Where is the DNA normally found in the cell? 2. Most of the time, what form does DNA take in the cell? 3. On the chromosome on the right, label the chromatid, chromosome arms, and centromere region. 4. During what phase is DNA replicated and two chromatids form per chromosome? 5. What is the term used for the phase when the cell divides? 6. What is the purpose of the centromere region? 7. Nucleosomes and histones can have "tags" that affect whether the DNA wound around them is “turned on" or "turned off". Look up information on one of those tags and describe how it affects DNA gene expression. OBethany Lau 2016
Name: Class: Date: Eukaryotic Chromosome Structure: Reading Instructions: Read this page and follow the directions to fill out your coloring page. Then answer the questions. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) stores all of the genetic information inside the cell. This DNA is stored in the nucleus of the cell in the form of chromosomes. During most of a cell's life, the DNA exists in chromatin form. This resembles a very messy ball of yarn and it is hard to distinguish between different chromosomes in a picture of chromatin. During mitosis, the time when the cell is dividing, the DNA condenses into clear, organized chromosomes. Each chromosome has two arms or sections, called the short chromosome arm and the long chromosome arm. At the region where the arms connect, there is a region called the centromere region. At the centromere region, certain proteins that help with cell division gather and help connect the chromosome to spindle fibers, long cellular “beams" that move chromosomes to the right location during cell division. Chromatin When DNA is replicated in the Synthesis (S) phase, replicated chromosomes form. Replicated chromosomes have two identical copies of the DNA. Each copy when it is connected to the replicated chromosome is called a chromatid. When the chromatids separate, they are called chromosomes. Chromosome Replicated chromosome Label and color your diagram with the following terms: short chromosome arm (red), long chromosome arm(green), chromosome, chromatids in replicated chromosome (one blue, one yellow), centromere region (purple) (2 chromatids) For DNA to fit into chromosomes that can be moved easily during mitosis, it has to be folded in an organized way. The DNA is wound around groups of proteins called nucleosomes. These nucleosomes look like spools and DNA resembles thread wound around the spool. The nucleosomes are made up of histone proteins. Sometimes this form is called “beads on a string". Scientists who study gene regulation are very interested in how DNA is packed. We are still learning a lot about how DNA is organized and how the cell “accesses" the Histones DNA information when it is folded or wound around histones. Some think that when it is tightly wound around the nucleosomes, the DNA is “turned off", meaning the information from that DNA is not being used to make proteins. Nucleosomes can have additional proteins or molecule “tags" attached to them that help the cell decide what DNA needs to be “turned on" and what needs to be "turned off". Nucleosomes Label and color your diagram with the follozwing terms: histones (light orange), mucleosomes (darker orange)
Transcribed Image Text:Name: Class: Date: Eukaryotic Chromosome Structure: Reading Instructions: Read this page and follow the directions to fill out your coloring page. Then answer the questions. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) stores all of the genetic information inside the cell. This DNA is stored in the nucleus of the cell in the form of chromosomes. During most of a cell's life, the DNA exists in chromatin form. This resembles a very messy ball of yarn and it is hard to distinguish between different chromosomes in a picture of chromatin. During mitosis, the time when the cell is dividing, the DNA condenses into clear, organized chromosomes. Each chromosome has two arms or sections, called the short chromosome arm and the long chromosome arm. At the region where the arms connect, there is a region called the centromere region. At the centromere region, certain proteins that help with cell division gather and help connect the chromosome to spindle fibers, long cellular “beams" that move chromosomes to the right location during cell division. Chromatin When DNA is replicated in the Synthesis (S) phase, replicated chromosomes form. Replicated chromosomes have two identical copies of the DNA. Each copy when it is connected to the replicated chromosome is called a chromatid. When the chromatids separate, they are called chromosomes. Chromosome Replicated chromosome Label and color your diagram with the following terms: short chromosome arm (red), long chromosome arm(green), chromosome, chromatids in replicated chromosome (one blue, one yellow), centromere region (purple) (2 chromatids) For DNA to fit into chromosomes that can be moved easily during mitosis, it has to be folded in an organized way. The DNA is wound around groups of proteins called nucleosomes. These nucleosomes look like spools and DNA resembles thread wound around the spool. The nucleosomes are made up of histone proteins. Sometimes this form is called “beads on a string". Scientists who study gene regulation are very interested in how DNA is packed. We are still learning a lot about how DNA is organized and how the cell “accesses" the Histones DNA information when it is folded or wound around histones. Some think that when it is tightly wound around the nucleosomes, the DNA is “turned off", meaning the information from that DNA is not being used to make proteins. Nucleosomes can have additional proteins or molecule “tags" attached to them that help the cell decide what DNA needs to be “turned on" and what needs to be "turned off". Nucleosomes Label and color your diagram with the follozwing terms: histones (light orange), mucleosomes (darker orange)
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