n 2009 Noodles & Company introduced spaghetti and meatballs to its menu. Before putting it on the menu, it performed taste tests to determine the best-tasting spaghetti sauce. In a paired comparison, 53 tasters were asked to rate their satisfaction with two different sauces on a scale of 1–10, with 10 being the highest. Assume equal population variances. The mean difference in ratings was d¯d¯ = -0.42158 with a standard deviation of sd = 1.17640. Use α = 0.05. Find the critical value tcrit for α = .05.  Find the p-value.

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