Multinational transfer pricing, global tax minimization. Express Grow Inc., based in Ankeny, lowa, sells high-end fertilizers. Express Grow has two divisions: - North Italy mining division, which mines potash in northern Italy - U.S. processing division, which uses potash in manufacturing top-grade fertilizer The processing division's yield is 50%: It takes 2 tons of raw potash to produce 1 ton of top-grade fertilizer. Although all of the mining division's output of 8,000 tons of potash is sent for processing in the United States, there is also an active market for potash in Italy. The foreign exchange rate is 0.80 Euro = $1 U.S. The fol- lowing information is known about the two divisions: Page Layout Data Home Insert Formulas Review A North Italy Mining Division 2 Variable cost per ton of raw potash 3 Fixed cost per ton of raw potash 4 Market price per ton of raw potash 5 Tax rate 56 EURO EURO 96 256 EURO 30% U.S. Processing Division 8 Variable cost per ton of fertilizer 9 Fixed cost per ton of fertilizer 10 Market price per lon of fertilizer 11 Тах rate 43 U.S. dollars U.S. dollars 1,190 US. dollars 115 35%
Cost of Capital
Shareholders and investors who invest into the capital of the firm desire to have a suitable return on their investment funding. The cost of capital reflects what shareholders expect. It is a discount rate for converting expected cash flow into present cash flow.
Capital Structure
Capital structure is the combination of debt and equity employed by an organization in order to take care of its operations. It is an important concept in corporate finance and is expressed in the form of a debt-equity ratio.
Weighted Average Cost of Capital
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital is a tool used for calculating the cost of capital for a firm wherein proportional weightage is assigned to each category of capital. It can also be defined as the average amount that a firm needs to pay its stakeholders and for its security to finance the assets. The most commonly used sources of capital include common stocks, bonds, long-term debts, etc. The increase in weighted average cost of capital is an indicator of a decrease in the valuation of a firm and an increase in its risk.
If the two division managers are compensated based on after-tax division operating income, which transfer-pricing method will each prefer? Which transfer-pricing method will maximize the total aftertax operating income of Express Grow?
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